Day: March 31, 2021

Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Daraghma, Souhad M. A., once mentioned the application of 20980-22-7, Name is 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine, molecular formula is C8H12N4, molecular weight is 164.2077, MDL number is MFCD00040742, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Name: 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine.

Electronic Properties of Short Polynucleotides Studied Using Schottky Junctions

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the blueprint of life, has attracted recent attention concerning its potential applications in electronics. In order to realize these applications, charge transfer through the molecule has been subjected to numerous experimental and theoretical studies in the last few decades. As a result of varying experimental conditions, different electrical behaviors have been observed. The sensitive structure of DNA is influenced by extreme environmental conditions as shown in common characterization techniques. Finding a simple yet quantitative accurate method is more efficient for understanding the electronic properties of DNA. In this work, we have employed DNA-specific Schottky junctions integrated within a printed circuit board (PCB) to investigate the properties of the four nitrogenous bases of guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and adenine (A) in short polynucleotide form. Acquisition and analysis of the current-voltage (I-V) profiles allowed measurement of selected solid-state parameters corresponding to each of the DNA polynucleotide base. While observing characteristic I-V profiles and parameters, significantly closer and higher conductive profiles were demonstrated for the purines (A and G) as compared to the highly similar profiles of the pyrimidines (T and C) which is in agreement with previous observations. The observations obtained from this work may, therefore, provide a clear conceptualization of the role of each nitrogenous base in charge transfer process through the DNA molecule and allow better understanding of the fingerprinting electronic properties of each base.

If you are interested in 20980-22-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Name: 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 626-48-2, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 626-48-2, Name is 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, SMILES is CC1=CC(NC(N1)=O)=O, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Selbach, Mariana Terezinha, introduce new discover of the category.

Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Sida planicaulis Cav extract using human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y

Sida planicaulis is a weed thought to have originated in Brazil, where it is present in abundant quantities, but also this plant is also found in south-central Florida, Indian Ocean Islands, and the Pacific Islands. Sida planicaulis produces neurotoxicity that adversely affects livestock breeding with heavy animal losses and consequent negative impact on Brazil’s economy. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ethanolic extracts of S. planicaulis collected in winter (leaf extract) and summer (leaf extract and leaf + flower extract) using an in vitro model of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and apolar compounds. Rutin, quercetin, and swainsonine were detected by HPLC and GC/MS, respectively. Phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc were the inorganic elements found. Extracts produced cytotoxicity at all concentrations tested (7-4,000 mu g/ml) as evidenced by the colorimetric assay [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT)]. Based upon the alkaline comet assay extracts were found to induce genotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 0.437 to 7 mu g/ml. DNA damage produced by extracts was affirmed using a modified comet assay with the enzymes Endo III and FPG in a concentration dependent manner. Further, enzyme-modified comet assay showed both oxidized purines and pyrimidines, and consequently oxidative stress was related to genomic instability and cell death. Data suggest that low concentrations of ethanolic extracts of S. planicaulis (different seasons) induced increased DNA damage related to oxidative stress and chemical composition.

Reference of 626-48-2, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 626-48-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Formula: C6H9N3O2, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.36315-01-2, Name is 2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine, SMILES is C1=C(N=C(N=C1OC)N)OC, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Ming, Tinghong, introduce the new discover.

Integrative proteomics and metabolomics profiling of the protective effects of Phascolosoma esculent ferritin on BMSCs in Cd(II) injury

Ferritin is the major intracellular iron storage protein and is essential for iron homeostasis and detoxification. Cadmium affects cellular homeostasis and induces cell toxicity via sophisticated mechanisms. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of cytoprotective effect of Phascolosoma esculenta ferritin (PeFer) on Cd(II)-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) injury. Herein, the effects of different treated groups on apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed using flow cytometric analysis. We further investigated the alterations of the three groups using integrative 2-DE-based proteomics and H-1 NMR-based metabolomics profiles. The results indicate that PeFer reduces BMSC apoptosis induced by Cd(II) and delays G0/G1 cell cycle progression. A total of 19 proteins and 70 metabolites were significantly different among BMSC samples of the three groups. Notably, multiomics analysis revealed that Cd(II) might perturb the ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway and disrupt biological processes related to the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, thereby suppressing the cell growth rate and initiating apoptosis; however, the addition of PeFer might protect BMSCs against cell apoptosis to improve cell survival by enhancing energy metabolism. This study provides a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of PeFer in BMSCs against Cd(II) injury.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 36315-01-2. Formula: C6H9N3O2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Application of 56-06-4, Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. 56-06-4, Name is 2,6-Diaminopyrimidin-4(1H)-one, SMILES is O=C1N=C(N)NC(N)=C1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Shahzad, Shabnam, introduce new discover of the category.

Folic acid-sulfonamide conjugates as antibacterial agents: design, synthesis and molecular docking studies

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors, as antibacterial agents, contain pyrimidine, pteridine, and azine moieties among many other scaffolds. Folic acid (FA), with a pteridine ring and amine group, was used as our focus scaffold, which was then conjugated with sulfonamides to develop new conjugates. The novel synthesized conjugates were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, and H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral studies and consequently screened for antimicrobial activities against bacterial strains with ampicillin as a positive control. Compound DS2 has the highest zone of inhibition (36.6 mm) with a percentage activity index (%AI) value of 122.8% against S. aureus and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15.63 mu g mL(-1). DHFR enzyme inhibition was also evaluated using the synthesized conjugates through in vitro studies, and inhibition assays revealed that compound DS2 exhibited a 75.4 +/- 0.12% (mean +/- standard error of the mean (SEM)) inhibition, which is comparable with the standard DHFR inhibitor trimethoprim (74.6 +/- 0.09%). The compounds attached to the unsubstituted aryl moiety of the sulfonamides revealed better inhibition against the bacterial strains as compared to the methyl substituted aryl sulfonamides. Molecular docking studies of the novel synthesized conjugates were also performed on the DHFR enzyme to identify the plausible binding modes to explore the binding mechanisms of these conjugates.

Application of 56-06-4, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 56-06-4.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry can be defined as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. You¡¯ll sometimes hear it called the central science because it is the connection between physics and all the other sciences, starting with biology. 65-71-4, Name is 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, molecular formula is , belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Emami, Leila, Formula: C5H6N2O2.

Design, synthesis, molecular simulation, and biological activities of novel quinazolinone-pyrimidine hybrid derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and anticancer agents

Two novel series of quinazolinone-pyrimidine (series a: 9a-9i) and benzyl-pyrimidine hybrids (series b: 12a-12c) were designed, synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition potencies of these compounds were assessed through a MAK 203 kit. Compound 9e was found to be the most potent agent with an IC50 value of 34.3 +/- 3.3 mu M. A kinetic study revealed that it acted as a competitive inhibitor. Molecular modeling of these compounds was in agreement with the in vitro results. Due to the crucial role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in cancer therapy, the cytotoxic activities of the compounds were also evaluated against three cancerous cell lines (HT-29, SW1116 and A549). Almost all the compounds displayed better antiproliferative activity on colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and SW1116) compared to a lung cancer cell line (A549). Compounds 9e and 12c exhibited significant activity toward the HT-29 cell line with an IC50 of 10.67 +/- 0.3 mu M and 27.9 +/- 6.5 mu M in comparison to sitagliptin and cisplatin as a positive control, respectively. Among the different cells, the compounds showed the best inhibitory effects on HT-29, which was compatible with the greater expression of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 marker detected by flow cytometry in this cell line. Further studies on the hit compounds (9e and 12c) through cell cycle and apoptosis assays also showed that these compounds could induce cell death by apoptosis or arrest cells in the G2/M phase. Accordingly, the results imply that 9e is a potent inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with efficient anti-cancer activity and could play a role as a cytotoxic agent in colorectal cancer.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 65-71-4, in my other articles. Formula: C5H6N2O2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Related Products of 3051-09-0, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 3051-09-0, Name is Murexide, SMILES is O=C1[N-]C(/C(C(N1)=O)=N/C(C(N2)=O)C(NC2=O)=O)=O.[NH4+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Tadic, Dorde, introduce new discover of the category.

Occurrence and human health risk assessment of antibiotics and their metabolites in vegetables grown in field-scale agricultural systems

The occurrence of antibiotics (ABs) in four types of commercially grown vegetables (lettuce leaves, tomato fruits, cauliflower inflorescences, and broad bean seeds) was analyzed to assess the human exposure and health risks associated with different agronomical practices. Out of 16 targeted AB residues, seven ABs belonging to three groups (i.e., benzyl pyrimidines, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides) were above the method detection limit in vegetable samples ranging from 0.09 ng g(-1) to 3.61 ng g(-1) fresh weight. Data analysis (quantile regression models, principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis) showed manure application, irrigation with river water (indirect wastewater reuse), and vegetable type to be the most significant factors for AB occurrence in the targeted crops. Metabolites were detected in 70 of the 80 vegetable samples analyzed, and their occurrence was both plant- and compound-specific. In 73 % of the total samples, the concentration of AB metabolites was higher than the concentration of their parent compound. Finally, the potential human health risk estimated using the hazard quotient approach, based on the acceptable daily intake and the estimated daily intake, showed a negligible risk for human health from vegetable consumption. However, canonical-correspondence analysis showed that detected ABs explained 54 % of the total variation in AB resistance genes abundance in the vegetable samples. Thus, further studies are needed to assess the risks of antibiotic resistance promotion in vegetables and the significance of the occurrence of their metabolites.

Related Products of 3051-09-0, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 3051-09-0.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 4983-28-2, Name is 2-Chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine, molecular formula is C4H3ClN2O, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Esteban-Parra, Gines M., introduce the new discover, Safety of 2-Chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine.

Anti-diabetic and anti-parasitic properties of a family of luminescent zinc coordination compounds based on the 7-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-alpha] pyrimidine ligand

We report on the formation of a triazolopyrimidine derivative ligand, 7-amino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-alpha] pyrimidine (7-amtp), and a new family of coordination compounds based on this ligand and zinc as metal ion, synthesized by conventional routes. These materials possess different mononuclear structures, namely [ZnCl2(7-amtp)(2)] (1), [Zn(7-amtp)(2)(H2O)(4)](NO3)(2)2(7-amtp)6H(2)O (2) and [Zn(7-amtp)(2)(H2O)(4)](SO4)1.5H(2)O (3) derived from the use of different zinc (II) salts, in such a way that the counterions govern the crystallization to a large extent. These compounds present and show variable luminescent properties based on ligand-centred charge transfers which have been deeply studied by Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations. When these compounds are transferred to solution, preserving complex entities as corroborated by NMR studies, they present interesting anti-diabetic and anti-parasitic capabilities, with a comparatively higher selectivity index than other previously reported triazolopyrimidine-based materials. The results derived from in vivo experiments conducted in mice also confirm their promising activity as anti-diabetic drug being capable of dropping glucose levels after oral administration. Therefore, these new materials may be considered as excellent candidates to be further investigated in the field of luminescent coordination compounds with biomedical applications.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 4983-28-2. Safety of 2-Chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 274693-26-4, Name is 2-(((3aR,4S,6R,6aS)-6-(7-(((1R,2S)-2-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)cyclopropyl)amino)-5-(propylthio)-3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)-2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)oxy)ethanol, SMILES is CC1(C)O[C@]([C@H](N2N=NC3=C(N[C@H]4[C@H](C5=CC=C(F)C(F)=C5)C4)N=C(SCCC)N=C32)C[C@@H]6OCCO)([H])[C@]6([H])O1, in an article , author is Ahmed, Eman A., once mentioned of 274693-26-4, Computed Properties of C26H32F2N6O4S.

Boosting the catalytic performance of zinc linked amino acid complex as an eco-friendly for synthesis of novel pyrimidines in aqueous medium

Zinc linked amino acid complex, Zn(l-proline)(2), is considered as a green catalyst for the synthesis of novel series of pyrimidine derivatives 5a-q. The pyrimidines 5a-q were prepared via two pathways: the first is a one-pot reaction of guanidines 3(a-c) with aromatic aldehyde 1 and acetophenones 2; and the second one is the reaction of guanidines 3(a-c) with different chalcones 4(a-j) in aqueous medium. The simplicity of the operation, the short reaction time, and the high efficiency (97%) are the main advantages of this protocol. Furthermore, the green aspects of this synthetic protocol were further investigated by examining the reusability of Zn(l-proline)(2) complex throughout five consecutive cycles without a significant loss of catalytic activity. This new procedure has presented remarkable advantages in terms of safety, simplicity, stability, mild conditions, a short reaction time, excellent yields, and high purities without using any organic solvents.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 274693-26-4, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Computed Properties of C26H32F2N6O4S.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 7226-23-5, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 7226-23-5, Name is 1,3-Dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, SMILES is O=C1N(C)CCCN1C, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Faraji, Aram, introduce new discover of the category.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel thienopyrimidine-based agents bearing diaryl urea functionality as potential inhibitors of angiogenesis

Inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-1,3,4-thiadiazole-aryl urea derivatives 11a-m to evaluate their efficacy in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Among target agents, 11i had a considerable activity against prostate cancer cell line, PC3 (IC50 = 3.6 mu M). Moreover, induction of apoptosis, good inhibitory activity against the growth of capillary blood vessels, and inhibition of VEGFR-2 phosphorylation were noticeable parameters which convinced us that 11i could be considered as a promising candidate for the discovery of novel drugs to treat tumors, particularly prostate cancer. (c) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Reference of 7226-23-5, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 7226-23-5.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 908240-50-6, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 908240-50-6, Name is 2,4-Dichloropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine, SMILES is ClC1=NC2=C(C=CN=C2)C(Cl)=N1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Tongkao-on, Wannit, introduce new discover of the category.

Sex Differences in Photoprotective Responses to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Mice Are Modulated by the Estrogen Receptor-beta

Susceptibility to photoimmune suppression and photocarcinogenesis is greater in male than in female humans and mice and is exacerbated in female estrogen receptor-beta knockout (ER-beta-/-) mice. We previously reported that the active vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D), applied topically protects against the ultraviolet radiation (UV) induction of cutaneous cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and the suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in female mice. Here, we compare these responses in female versus male Skh:hr1 mice, in ER-beta-/-/- – versus wild-type C57BL/6 mice, and in female ER-blockaded Skh:hr1 mice. The induction of CPDs was significantly greater in male than female Skh:hr1 mice and was more effectively reduced by 1,25(OH)2D in female Skh:hr1 and C57BL/6 mice than in male Skh:hrl or ER-beta-/- mice, respectively. This correlated with the reduced sunburn inflammation due to 1,25(OH)2D in female but not male Skh:hr1 mice. Furthermore, although 1,25(OH)2D alone dose-dependently suppressed basal CHS responses in male Skh:hrl and ER-beta-/- mice, UV-induced immunosuppression was universally observed. In female Skh:hrl and C57BL/6 mice, the immunosuppression was decreased by 1,25(OH)2D dose-dependently, but not in male Skh:hrl, ER-beta-/-, or ER-blockaded mice. These results reveal a sex bias in genetic, inflammatory, and immune photoprotection by 1,25(OH)2D favoring female mice that is dependent on the presence of ER-beta.

Reference of 908240-50-6, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 908240-50-6.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia