Day: April 14, 2021

Application of 302964-08-5, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 302964-08-5, Name is 2-((6-Chloro-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)thiazole-5-carboxamide, SMILES is CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC(=O)C1=CN=C(NC2=CC(Cl)=NC(C)=N2)S1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Klupczynska, Agnieszka, introduce new discover of the category.

Identification and quantification of honeybee venom constituents by multiplatform metabolomics

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom (HBV) has been a subject of extensive proteomics research; however, scarce information on its metabolite composition can be found in the literature. The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the metabolites present in HBV. To gain the highest metabolite coverage, three different mass spectrometry (MS)-based methodologies were applied. In the first step, untargeted metabolomics was used, which employed high-resolution, accurate-mass Orbitrap MS. It allowed obtaining a broad overview of HBV metabolic components. Then, two targeted metabolomics approaches, which employed triple quadrupole MS, were applied to quantify metabolites in HBV samples. The untargeted metabolomics not only confirmed the presence of amines, amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids in HBV, but also provided information on venom components from other metabolite classes (e.g., nucleosides, alcohols, purine and pyrimidine derivatives). The combination of three MS-based metabolomics platforms facilitated the identification of 214 metabolites in HBV samples, among which 138 were quantified. The obtaining of the wide free amino acid profiles of HBV is one of the project’s achievements. Our study contributed significantly to broadening the knowledge about HBV composition and should be continued to obtain the most comprehensive metabolite profile of HBV.

Application of 302964-08-5, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 302964-08-5.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 4318-56-3, Name is 6-Chloro-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, molecular formula is C5H5ClN2O2, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Carino, Elizabeth J., introduce the new discover, Application In Synthesis of 6-Chloro-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

The RNA of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus, an Obligatory Component of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease, Is Translated via a Variant Panicum Mosaic Virus-Like Cap-Independent Translation Element

Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) combines with a potyvirus in maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND), a serious emerging disease worldwide. To inform resistance strategies, we characterized the translation initiation mechanism of MCMV. We report that MCMV RNA contains a cap-independent translation element (CITE) in its 3′ untranslated region (UTR). The MCMV 3′ CITE (MTE) was mapped to nucleotides 4164 to 4333 in the genomic RNA. 2′-Hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) probing revealed that the MTE is a distinct variant of the panicum mosaic virus-like 3′ CITE (PTE). Like the PTE, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA5) indicated that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binds the MTE despite the absence of an m 7 GpppN cap structure, which is normally required for eIF4E to bind RNA. Using a luciferase reporter system, mutagenesis to disrupt and restore base pairing revealed that the MTE interacts with the 5′ UTRs of both genomic RNA and subgenomic RNA1 via long-distance kissing stem-loop interaction to facilitate translation. The MTE stimulates a relatively low level of translation and has a weak, if any, pseudoknot, which is present in the most active PTEs, mainly because the MTE lacks the pyrimidine-rich tract that base pairs to a G-rich bulge to form the pseudoknot. However, most mutations designed to form a pseudoknot decreased translation activity. Mutations in the viral genome that reduced or restored translation prevented and restored virus replication, respectively, in maize protoplasts and in plants. In summary, the MTE differs from the canonical PTE but falls into a structurally related class of 3′ CITEs. IMPORTANCE In the past decade, maize lethal necrosis disease has caused massive crop losses in East Africa. It has also emerged in China and parts of South America. Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) infection is required for this disease. While some tolerant maize lines have been identified, there are no known resistance genes that confer immunity to MCMV. In order to improve resistance strategies against MCMV, we focused on how the MCMV genome is translated, the first step of gene expression by all positive-strand RNA viruses. We identified a structure (cap-independent translation element) in the 3′ untranslated region of the viral RNA genome that allows the virus to usurp a host translation initiation factor, eIF4E, in a way that differs from host mRNA interactions with the translational machinery. This difference indicates eIF4E may be a soft target for engineering of-or breeding for-resistance to MCMV.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 4318-56-3. Application In Synthesis of 6-Chloro-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 1981-58-4, Name is Sulfamethazine sodium, formurla is C12H13N4NaO2S. In a document, author is Materon, Elsa M., introducing its new discovery. SDS of cas: 1981-58-4.

y Role of sphingomyelin on the interaction of the anticancer drug gemcitabine hydrochloride with cell membrane models

The fight against drug resistance in chemotherapy requires a molecular-level understanding of the drug interaction with cell membranes, which today is feasible with membrane models. In this study, we report on the interaction of gemcitabine (GEM), a pyrimidine nucleoside antimetabolite used to treat pancreatic cancer, with Langmuir films that mimic healthy and cancerous cell membranes. The cell membrane models were made with eight compositions of a quaternary mixture containing 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (DPPS), sphingomyelin (SM), and cholesterol (CHOL). The relative concentration of SM was increased so that four of these compositions represented cancerous cells. GEM was found to increase the mean molecular area, also increasing their surface elasticity, with stronger interactions being observed for membranes corresponding to cancerous cells. More specifically, GEM penetrated deepest in the membrane with the highest SM concentration (40 mol%), as inferred from polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). This finding was confirmed with molecular dynamics simulations that also indicated how GEM approaches the membrane, which could be useful for guiding the design of drug delivery systems. The experimental and simulation results are consistent with the preferential attachment of GEM onto cancerous cells and highlight the role of SM on drug-cell interactions.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In an article, author is Sakai, Wataru, once mentioned the application of 156-83-2, COA of Formula: C4H5ClN4, Name is 6-Chloropyrimidine-2,4-diamine, molecular formula is C4H5ClN4, molecular weight is 144.56, MDL number is MFCD00006097, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Functional impacts of the ubiquitin-proteasome system on DNA damage recognition in global genome nucleotide excision repair

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays crucial roles in regulation of various biological processes, including DNA repair. In mammalian global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), activation of the DDB2-associated ubiquitin ligase upon UV-induced DNA damage is necessary for efficient recognition of lesions. To date, however, the precise roles of UPS in GG-NER remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that the proteasome subunit PSMD14 and the UPS shuttle factor RAD23B can be recruited to sites with UV-induced photolesions even in the absence of XPC, suggesting that proteolysis occurs at DNA damage sites. Unexpectedly, sustained inhibition of proteasome activity results in aggregation of PSMD14 (presumably with other proteasome components) at the periphery of nucleoli, by which DDB2 is immobilized and sequestered from its lesion recognition functions. Although depletion of PSMD14 alleviates such DDB2 immobilization induced by proteasome inhibitors, recruitment of DDB2 to DNA damage sites is then severely compromised in the absence of PSMD14. Because all of these proteasome dysfunctions selectively impair removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, but not (6-4) photoproducts, our results indicate that the functional integrity of the proteasome is essential for the DDB2-mediated lesion recognition sub-pathway, but not for GG-NER initiated through direct lesion recognition by XPC.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In an article, author is Gogula, Thirupathi, once mentioned the application of 36315-01-2, Safety of 2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine, Name is 2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine, molecular formula is C6H9N3O2, molecular weight is 155.16, MDL number is MFCD00038832, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Temperature-modulated selective C(sp(3))-H or C(sp(2))-H arylation through palladium catalysis

Transition metal-catalysed C-H bond functionalisations have been extensively developed in organic and medicinal chemistry. Among these catalytic approaches, the selective activation of C(sp(3))-H and C(sp(2))-H bonds is particularly appealing for its remarkable synthetic versatility, yet it remains highly challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of temperature-dependent selective C-H functionalisation of unactivated C(sp(3))-H or C(sp(2))-H bonds at remote positions through palladium catalysis using 7-pyridyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine as a new directing group. At 120 degrees C, C(sp(3))-H arylation was triggered by the chelation of a rare [6,5]-fused palladacycle, whereas at 140 degrees C, C(sp(2))-H arylation proceeded instead through the formation of a 16-membered tetramer containing four 7-pyridyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-palladium chelation units. The subsequent mechanistic study revealed that both C-H activations shared a common 6-membered palladacycle intermediate, which was then directly transformed to either the [6,5]-fused palladacycle for C(sp(3))-H activation at 120 degrees C or the tetramer for C(sp(2))-H arylation at 140 degrees C with catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)(2) and AcOH. Raising the temperature from 120 degrees C to 140 degrees C can also convert the [6,5]-fused palladacycle to the tetramer with the above-mentioned catalysts, hence completing the C(sp(2))-H arylation ultimately.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Application of 65-71-4, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 65-71-4, Name is 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, SMILES is O=C1NC(C(C)=CN1)=O, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Tunc, Turgay, introduce new discover of the category.

In vitro anti-leishmanial activities and structure-activity relationship analysis of new antimony(III) complexes

New fourteen antimony(III) complexes of general formula [SbLnCl3] (where n= 1 or 2, L =2-aminopyridine, 5-methyl-2-aminopyridine, 2-aminopyrimidine, 4,6-dimethoxy-2-aminopyrimidine, 2-benzyl-2-thiopseudeourea,2-guanidinobenzimidazole, 2-amino-5-thiol-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine, 2-amino-5-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylthio)-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine, N-2-pyrimidine, 2-piperidinecarboxamide, N-2-pyrimidine, 2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide, 2-amino-5-(1H-tetrazol-5-iltiyo)-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide and N-2-pyrimidine, 5-chloro-2-thiophenecarboxamide, N-2-benzothiazol-2-pyrrolidinecarboxaamide, N,N-(1,2-phenyl)dipyrrolidine-2-carboxamide) have been synthesized and their anti-leishmanial activity have been assessed in vitro against Leishmania tropica promastigotes. The best complex, Sb(2-guanidinobenzimidazole)Cl-3 is demostrated 3.16% growth inhibition at a concentration of 31.25 mu g/mL. In general, antimony(III) complexes containing pyrimidine ligands has showed higher anti-leishmanial activity than antimony(III) complexes bearing pyridine ligands, and electron-donating substituents decrease the anti-leishmanial activity. All complexes have been optimised with DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ method in the gas phase. Several descriptors are tested to fmd a quantitative correlation between anti-leishmanial activity and structural properties of the complexes by best multiple linear regression method. Good correlations are obtained with minimum net atomic charge for a C atom and maximum bond order of a Cl atom. The developed QSAR equation is internally validated.

Application of 65-71-4, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 65-71-4 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Application of 1722-12-9, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 1722-12-9, Name is 2-Chloropyrimidine, SMILES is ClC1=NC=CC=N1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Zhou, Yujia, introduce new discover of the category.

Functional Dependency Analysis Identifies Potential Druggable Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Simple Summary New drugs are needed for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed data from genome-edited leukemia cells to identify druggable targets. These targets were necessary for AML cell survival and had favorable binding sites for drug development. Two lists of genes are provided for target validation, drug discovery, and drug development. The deKO list contains gene-targets with existing compounds in development. The disKO list contains gene-targets without existing compounds yet and represent novel targets for drug discovery. Refractory disease is a major challenge in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Whereas the armamentarium has expanded in the past few years for treating AML, long-term survival outcomes have yet to be proven. To further expand the arsenal for treating AML, we searched for druggable gene targets in AML by analyzing screening data from a lentiviral-based genome-wide pooled CRISPR-Cas9 library and gene knockout (KO) dependency scores in 15 AML cell lines (HEL, MV411, OCIAML2, THP1, NOMO1, EOL1, KASUMI1, NB4, OCIAML3, MOLM13, TF1, U937, F36P, AML193, P31FUJ). Ninety-four gene KOs met the criteria of (A) specifically essential to AML cell survival, (B) non-essential in non-AML cells, and (C) druggable according to three-dimensional (3D) modeling or ligand-based druggability scoring. Forty-four of 94 gene-KOs (47%) had an already-approved drug match and comprised a drug development list termed deKO. Fifty of 94 gene-KOs (53%) had no drug in development and comprised a drug discovery list termed disKO. STRING analysis and gene ontology categorization of the disKO targets preferentially cluster in the metabolic processes of UMP biosynthesis, IMP biosynthesis, dihydrofolate metabolism, pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthesis, vitellogenesis, and regulation of T cell differentiation and hematopoiesis. Results from this study serve as a testable compendium of AML drug targets that, after validation, may be translated into new therapeutics.

Application of 1722-12-9, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 1722-12-9 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.671-35-2, Name is 5-Fluoro-4-hydroxypyrimidine, SMILES is O=C1NC=NC=C1F, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Sharma, Ajay, introduce the new discover, Name: 5-Fluoro-4-hydroxypyrimidine.

Pyrolysis of timber in a semi-batch reactor: Maximization of bio-oil using central composite design

The present study deals with the pyrolysis of Dalbergia sissoo wood (DSW), as well as the determination of operating parameters that resulted in a maximum yield of bio-oil. The bio-oil was produced in a semi-batch reactor using nitrogen as an inert carrier gas. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on three-factors-three-levels central composite design scheme was used to obtain the optimum operating conditions. Effects of three independent process parameters, particle size (0.2-0.6 mm), reaction temperature (700-900 K), and nitrogen gas flow rate (60-160 ml/min) were assessed. A quadratic model relating to bio-oil yield as a function of independent process parameters with their interactions was developed. The obtained regression coefficients (R-2 = .9947 and adj. R-2 = .9867) during the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated an excellent fitting of the quadratic model with the experimental data. Optimum conditions thus obtained were: particle size 0.6 mm, reaction temperature 833 K, and volumetric flow of nitrogen 125 ml/min which offered maximum bio-oil yield as 49.17 mass%. The physicochemical properties of bio-oil such as kinematic viscosity, density, pH value, flash point, and heating value, were determined using standard test procedures. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic, H-1-Nuclear magnetic response (H-1-NMR) spectrometry, and gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) techniques were used to identify the compounds present in DSW bio-oil. The chromatographic analysis confirmed the presence of some high value-added compounds such as pyrimidine, cyclobutanol, allantoic acid, and hydroxyurea.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 671-35-2 is helpful to your research. Name: 5-Fluoro-4-hydroxypyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Product Details of 832720-36-2, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Leyva-Acuna, Mario A., introduce the new discover.

Ethyl (S)-2-Benzamido-5-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]pentanoate

Pyrimidines are compounds with a wide range of biological activities, and the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives-useful in chemical and medicinal applications-is important in medicinal chemistry. This work shows the synthesis under microwave irradiation of the novel compound ethyl (S)-2-benzamido-5-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]pentanoate (3) from (S)-N-alpha-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester hydrochloride (1) and acetylacetone (2). Compound 3 was easily purified, obtained in moderate yield (70%), and fully characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, HRMS, and EI-MS.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2. Product Details of 832720-36-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In an article, author is Shahbazi-Alavi, Hossein, once mentioned the application of 908240-50-6, Name is 2,4-Dichloropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine, molecular formula is C7H3Cl2N3, molecular weight is 200.0248, MDL number is MFCD10699461, category is pyrimidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Product Details of 908240-50-6.

Co3O4/NiO@GQDs@SO3H nanocomposite as high performance catalyst for the preparation of pyrimidines

Co3O4/NiO@GQDs@SO3H nanocatalyst has been used as an effective catalyst for the preparation of 2,4-diamino-6-arylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives through a three-component reaction of malononitrile, aromatic aldehydes and guanidine hydrochloride under reflux conditions in ethanol. The catalyst has been characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, TGA, XPS and VSM. Atom economy, reusable catalyst, low catalyst loading, applicability to a wide range of substrates and high yields of products are some of the notable features of this protocol.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia