Day: April 25, 2021

Chemistry is an experimental science, Name: 2-bromo-5-fluoropyrimidine, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 947533-45-1, Name is 2-bromo-5-fluoropyrimidine, molecular formula is C4H2BrFN2, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Plaza-Pedroche, Rodrigo.

Effect of protonation on the photophysical properties of 4-substituted and 4,7-disubstituted quinazoline push-pull chromophores

White-light emission from single molecular systems has attracted a great deal of attention due to their advantages over multicomponent emitters. Azaheterocyclic push-pull derivatives have been demonstrated to be white emitters by combining neutral and protonated forms in the appropriate ratio, although limited cases of white light emission have been reported from quinazoline derivatives. Herein, we describe a series of push-pull 4-substituted and 4,7-disubstituted quinazolines that show white photoluminescence both in solution and in the solid state. All of the materials were prepared by straightforward Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and the compounds exhibited remarkable emission solvatochromism. In some cases the presence of acid prompted the appearance of emission bands of complementary colors. Thus, multicolor photoluminescence, including white light, could be finely tuned by the controlled protonation of the electron-deficient quinazoline ring.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 947533-45-1. Name: 2-bromo-5-fluoropyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Let’s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. Especially from a beginner’s point of view. Like 36315-01-2, Name is 2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine. In a document, author is Zhang, Rong, introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 36315-01-2.

Pyrimidine-thioindole inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation via up-regulation of expression of tumor suppressor miR-145

Purpose: To investigate the effect of pyrimidine-thioindole on gastric cancer proliferation and the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using MTT assay and Annexin V/P1 assay, respectively. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for the determination of expression levels of miR-145, while protein expression levels were assayed by western blotting. Results: Pyrimidine-thioindole treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of AGS and SNU-5 cells (p < 0.05), but had no effect on the viability of GES-1 cells. Exposure to pyrimidine-thioindole at doses of 8 and 10 mu M significantly enhanced the apoptosis of AGS and SNU-5 cells (p < 0.05). Pyrimidine-thioindole exposure markedly increased the proportions of AGS and SNU-5 cells in G1 phase (p < 0.05). In AGS and SNU-5 cell lines, pyrimidine-thioindole exposure at doses of 8 and 10 mu M significantly upregulated the expression of miR-145, with higher enhancement of miR-145 expression in AGS cells than in SNU-5 cells. Moreover, pyrimidine-thioindole downregulated the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, c-Myc, p-PI3K and p-AKT in AGS and SNU-5 cells. Pyrimidine-thioindole treatment enhanced the expression of p21 in AGS and SNU-5 cells, relative to untreated cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that pyrimidine-thioindole activates apoptotic signaling pathway, leading to reduction in cell proliferation and arrest of cell cycle. Moreover, it de-activates PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes miR-145 expression in AGS and SNU-5 cells. Thus, pyrimidine-thioindole has therapeutic significance for the management of gastric cancer. I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 36315-01-2 help many people in the next few years. Product Details of 36315-01-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Safety of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 65-71-4, Name is 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, molecular formula is C5H6N2O2, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Parkali, Praveen M., introduce the new discover.

Molecular Docking and Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships for Antitubercular Pyrimidine Derivatives

Enoyl Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) Reductase, a key enzyme, which catalyzes the last reductive step of fatty acid biosynthesis and it, is one of the key enzymes for the development of antitubercular agents. In this pursuit, molecular docking and 3D-QSAR studies (CoMFA and CoMSIA) have been performed on a series of pyrimidine derivatives (29 compounds) to understand the binding sites, interactions to improve over the existing leads in terms of improved biological and physico-chemical properties. Molecular docking was performed on a protein InhA (T2A mutant) (PDB ID: 5OIR) using the Surflex-Dock suite available in SYBYL-X 2.1.1 (Tripose Inc., USA). In addition, 3D-QSAR studies have been performed to validate the models using the data set, which was segregated into training and test set by using the Diversity and Dissimilarity method. Structural features required for the prediction of better inhibitory potency was generated in the form of contour maps from the CoMFA and CoMSIA models (Steric, Electrostatic, Hydrophobicity, H-bond donor and acceptor maps) and predicted values for r(2) = 0.966, q(2) = 0.22 for the CoMFA model and r(2) = 0.925, q(2) = 0.576 for the CoMSIA model. From this study, it is observed that interaction with amino acid residues TYR158, MET199, MET161, GLY96, and PHE97 are important for the activity that helped to predict SARs by providing important structural features. Both the models were good in understanding the specific activity of some of the compounds that will facilitate to develop new types of Enoyl ACP reductase inhibitors.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 65-71-4. Safety of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Related Products of 156-83-2, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C–H bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 156-83-2, Name is 6-Chloropyrimidine-2,4-diamine, SMILES is NC1=CC(Cl)=NC(N)=N1, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Duong Ngoc Toan, introduce new discover of the category.

Quinoline-pyrimidine hybrid compounds from 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one: Study on synthesis, cytotoxicity, ADMET and molecular docking

Some novel 2-amino-6-aryl-4-(4′-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin-2′-on-3′-yl)pyrimidines have been synthesized from alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones of 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin-2-one by reaction of corresponding alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones with guanidine hydrochloride. The purity and structure of the obtained products have been confirmed by thin layer chromatography, IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, HSQC, HMBC and MS spectra. All the synthesized of 3-(2-amino-6-arylpyrimi din-4-yl)-4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-ones 6a-i were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and squamous cell carcinoma KB cancer lines. Compounds 6b and 6e had the best activity in the series, with IC50 values equal to 1.33 mu M. Compounds 6a-g exhibited weak or insignificant activity with liver cancer cell lines HepG2, while compounds 6a and 6g had more powerful activity in this sequence, with IC50 values equal to 47.99 and 89.38 mu M, respectively. ADMET properties showed that compounds 6b, 6e, and 6f possessed the drug-likeness behavior. Cross-docking results indicated that two hydrogen bonding interactions in the binding pocket, as potential ligand binding hot-spot residues for compounds 6b and 6e, may be one of the mechanisms of action responsible for the higher cytotoxic effect on HepG2 and KB cells. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

Related Products of 156-83-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 156-83-2 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Recommanded Product: 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 626-48-2, Name is 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, SMILES is CC1=CC(NC(N1)=O)=O, in an article , author is Lee, Ho Jin, once mentioned of 626-48-2.

Development of the phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based, insulin-like growth factor receptor/Src/AXL-targeting small molecule kinase inhibitor

Rationale: The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway plays key roles in the development and progression of numerous types of human cancers, and Src and AXL have been found to confer resistance to anti-IGF-1R therapies. Hence, co-targeting Src and AXL may be an effective strategy to overcome resistance to anti-IGF-1R therapies. However, pharmacologic targeting of these three kinases may result in enhanced toxicity. Therefore, the development of novel multitarget anticancer drugs that block IGF-1R, Src, and AXL is urgently needed. Methods: We synthesized a series of phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP)-based compounds, wherein the PP module was conjugated with 2,4-bis-arylamino-1,3-pyrimidines (I2) via a copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction. To develop IGF-1R/Src/AXL-targeting small molecule kinase inhibitors, we selected LL6 as an active compound and evaluated its antitumor and antimetastatic effects in vitro and in vivo using the MTT assay, colony formation assays, migration assay, flow cytometric analysis, a tumor xenograft model, the Kras(G12D/+)-driven spontaneous lung tumorigenesis model, and a spontaneous metastasis model using Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) allografts. We also determined the toxicity of LL6 in vitro and in vivo. Results: LL6 induced apoptosis and suppressed viability and colony-forming capacities of various non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and their sublines with drug resistance. LL6 also suppressed the migration of NSCLC cells at nontoxic doses. Administration of LL6 in mice significantly suppressed the growth of NSCLC xenograft tumors and metastasis of LLC allograft tumors with outstanding toxicity profiles. Furthermore, the multiplicity, volume, and load of lung tumors in Kras(G12D/+) transgenic mice were substantially reduced by the LL6 treatment. Conclusions: Our results show the potential of LL6 as a novel IGF-1R/Src/AXL-targeting small molecule kinase inhibitor, providing a new avenue for anticancer therapies.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 626-48-2, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Recommanded Product: 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 2927-71-1, Name is 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine, molecular formula is C4HCl2FN2. In an article, author is Kolmar, Theresa,once mentioned of 2927-71-1, Quality Control of 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine.

Development of High-Performance Pyrimidine Nucleoside and Oligonucleotide Diarylethene Photoswitches

Nucleosidic and oligonucleotidic diarylethenes (DAEs) are an emerging class of photochromes with high application potential. However, their further development is hampered by the poor understanding of how the chemical structure modulates the photochromic properties. Here we synthesized 26 systematically varied deoxyuridine- and deoxycytidine-derived DAEs and analyzed reaction quantum yields, composition of the photostationary states, thermal and photochemical stability, and reversibility. This analysis identified two high-performance photoswitches with near-quantitative, fully reversible back-and-forth switching and no detectable thermal or photochemical deterioration. When incorporated into an oligonucleotide with the sequence of a promotor, the nucleotides maintained their photochromism and allowed the modulation of the transcription activity of T7 RNA polymerase with an up to 2.4-fold turn-off factor, demonstrating the potential for optochemical control of biological processes.

Interested yet? Keep reading other articles of 2927-71-1, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Quality Control of 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Chemistry is an experimental science, Product Details of 3993-78-0, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 3993-78-0, Name is 2-Amino-4-chloropyrimidine, molecular formula is C4H4ClN3, belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Fathi, Ahlam M..

Characteristics of multidentate schiff base ligand and its complexes using cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence, antimicrobial behavior and DFT-calculations

The electrochemical behavior of a series of the metal complexes [Fe(III), Ni(II), Ru(III),Pd(II) and Hf(IV)]derived from the Schiff base ligand(E)-5-((phenyl(-pyridin-2-yl) methylene) amino) pyrimidine-2,4(1H, 3H)-dione(H2L) which was previously prepared from condensation of 5-aminouracil and 2-benzoylpyridine was studied by using cyclic voltammetric technique. The Schiff base ligand H2L and its metal complexes exhibited quasi- reversible oxidation- reduction with three electron transfer and it was suggested that their reactions on the platinum surface electrode are not purely diffusion controlled but also under adsorption control. The redox reactive sites of the H2L and its complexes were located via the geometry optimization and frequency calculations using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory. In addition, the Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes exhibit fluorescent properties. The antimicrobial activity of the Schiff base ligand H2L and its metal complexes was tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus(,Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal strain (Aspergillus niger) by using agar well-diffusion method. The microbial testes of the ligand (H2L) and its metal complexes exhibited good inhibition efficiency to prevent growth of bacteria. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 3993-78-0, in my other articles. Product Details of 3993-78-0.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 5399-92-8, Name is 4-Chloro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, formurla is C5H3ClN4. In a document, author is Neef, Sylvia K., introducing its new discovery. HPLC of Formula: C5H3ClN4.

Metabolic Drug Response Phenotyping in Colorectal Cancer Organoids by LC-QTOF-MS

As metabolic rewiring is crucial for cancer cell proliferation, metabolic phenotyping of patient-derived organoids is desirable to identify drug-induced changes and trace metabolic vulnerabilities of tumor subtypes. We established a novel protocol for metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of colorectal cancer organoids by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) facing the challenge of capturing metabolic information from a minimal sample amount (<500 cells/injection) in the presence of an extracellular matrix (ECM). The best procedure of the tested protocols included ultrasonic metabolite extraction with acetonitrile/methanol/water (2:2:1, v/v/v) without ECM removal. To eliminate ECM-derived background signals, we implemented a data filtering procedure based on the p-value and fold change cut-offs, which retained features with signal intensities >120% compared to matrix-derived signals present in blank samples. As a proof-of-concept, the method was applied to examine the early metabolic response of colorectal cancer organoids to 5-fluorouracil treatment. Statistical analysis revealed dose-dependent changes in the metabolic profiles of treated organoids including elevated levels of 2 ‘-deoxyuridine, 2 ‘-O-methylcytidine, inosine and 1-methyladenosine and depletion of 2 ‘-deoxyadenosine and specific phospholipids. In accordance with the mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil, changed metabolites are mainly involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism. The novel protocol provides a first basis for the assessment of metabolic drug response phenotypes in 3D organoid models.

If you are hungry for even more, make sure to check my other article about 5399-92-8, HPLC of Formula: C5H3ClN4.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, Product Details of 908240-50-6, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 908240-50-6, Name is 2,4-Dichloropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine, molecular formula is C7H3Cl2N3. In an article, author is Yang, Liuqing,once mentioned of 908240-50-6.

High-Performance Red Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Organic Electron Transporting Layer

High-performance red quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are demonstrated based on nitrogen heterocycle-containing compounds as the organic electron transporting layer (ETL). Unlike ZnO, the adoption of organic ETL can eliminate unwanted photoluminescence quenching of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) due to the prevented electron transfer between QDs and organic ETL. Most importantly, when the central core is varied from benzene and pyrimidine to triazine, their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels are found to be well tuned to facilitate electron injection. Consequently, a triazine-cored organic ETL (denoted as TmPPPyTz) achieves a restored charge balance, giving a record-high external quantum efficiency of 13.4% (18.8 cd A(-1), 23.9 lm W-1) and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates of (0.68, 0.32). The obtained state-of-art performance clearly indicates the great potential of organic ETL towards efficient QLEDs.

If you’re interested in learning more about 908240-50-6. The above is the message from the blog manager. Product Details of 908240-50-6.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia