Month: March 2022

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Compounds affecting the development of housefly larvae》. Authors are Gouck, H. K.; LaBrecque, G. C..The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Formula: C8H12ClNO2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

Larval medium (50 g.) was saturated with 100 ml. of water containing 0.5-0.1 g. of the compound and 100 housefly eggs added. After 4 days it was examined for larvae and 3 days later for pupae. Emerging flies laid their eggs on untreated medium after 7 days. A sample of eggs remained in the medium, which was examined for larvae. The flies of this generation were reared to the adult stage. Compounds (245) are listed which are larvicides at 0.5 g. but not at 0.1 g. dosage; 64 compounds are larvicides at a dosage of ≤0.1 g.; 19 cause mortality in the pupal stage. 1,4-Bis(3-hydroxypropionyl)piperazine dimethanesulfonate causes low oviposition or failure of eggs to hatch at 0.05 and 0.025%, low enough to permit some adult emergence.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline, is researched, Molecular C10H8ClN, CAS is 18436-73-2, about Tricyclic heteroaromatic ring systems. II. A convenient synthesis of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines.Application In Synthesis of 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline.

Quinol-4-yl hydrazones I (R = H, Me, Et; R1 = Me, Ph, Et; RR1 = (CH2)n, n = 3, 4; R2 = H, Me; R3 = H, 6-, 7-, 8-Cl, 6-, 7-, 8-Me, 6-, 7-, 8-MeO) on heating in high boiling solvents undergo cyclizations to give 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines II in good yields. Some of these I were alkylated to provide their N-alkyl derivatives

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Safety of 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about CuFe2O4 modified expanded graphite synthesized by urea-assisted hydrothermal method for tetracycline treatment through persulfate activation: Characterization, mechanism and degradation intermediates. Author is Liu, Shumeng; Liu, Yucheng; Chen, Mingyan; Li, Lingli; Tu, Wenwen; Huang, Zhi.

Owing to the stable crystal structure and wide range of pH applications, CuFe2O4 particles have been intensively concerned in the field of advanced oxidation, but their serious agglomeration and slow catalytic efficiency are still the stumbling blocks. The composite catalyst (EG-CuFe2O4-U) prepared by urea-assisted hydrothermal method with expanded graphite (EG) as the substrate immobilized CuFe2O4 not only exposed more active sites but also exhibited a higher electron transfer rate. Addnl., EG-CuFe2O4-U showed excellent performance in degrading tetracycline (TC) in model wastewater by activated peroxydisulfate (PDS). The synthesis mechanism of EG-CuFe2O4-U and the principle of urea in the formation of reduction environment were discussed in detail by the exptl. results of key preparation parameters and characterization. Meanwhile, several critical influencing factors were examined including PDS concentration, catalyst dosage, initial pH of the solution, and the change of pH in different systems. Furthermore, the removal efficiency and mineralization efficiency of TC (50 ppm) exceed 91% and 34.6%, on the conditions of 0.4 gL-1 EG-CuFe2O4-U, 6 mM PDS, initial solution pH of 4, and room temperature What′s more, the internal reaction mechanism of free radicals and non-free radicals in the EG-CuFe2O4-U/PDS system was further elaborated via scavenging tests, ESR (EPR). Finally, based on twenty-one principal intermediates of TC, four possible degradation pathways were proposed. In general, the catalyst with a rich pore structure and high catalytic activity has great potential in the effective activation of PDS and is prospective to be further applied in the field of antibiotic wastewater degradation

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Attempted synthesis of polypeptides by condensation of amino acid and peptide esters I, published in 1954, which mentions a compound: 65090-78-0, mainly applied to , Synthetic Route of C4H7BrO3.

Methods are given for fractionation of the amino acid, peptides, and their Me esters in the cases of glycine (I), alanine (II), and serine (III). After several months at room temperature, either dry or in various solvents, I Me ester gave mainly tetraglycine Me ester (IV) and I anhydride (V), as well as some pentaglycine Me ester and hexaglycine Me ester. In H2O, MeOH, or EtOH the product was mostly V. Condensation of II Me ester, either dry or in MeOH, gave mainly II anhydride. In H2O hydrolysis to II occurred. III Me ester (VI), dry or in various solvents at 20°, gave after several weeks mainly III anhydride (VII), with some III and unchanged VI. Vacuum distillation of VI gave VII, III, MeOH, NH3, H2O, II, and traces of III peptides. VI was kept in vacuo at 20°, warmed 1 h. to 75°, refluxed 10 h., or kept at 20° in pyridine or HOAc. In each case the major product was VII, and III, VI, and some III peptides were present. IV kept at various temperatures, dry or in H2O or MeOH, was either unchanged, hydrolyzed, or converted largely to unidentified products.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline, is researched, Molecular C10H8ClN, CAS is 18436-73-2, about Ru(II)/Rh(III)-Catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) Bond Formation through C(sp3)-H Activation: Selective Linear Alkylation of 8-Methylquinolines and Ketoximes with Olefins, the main research direction is alkylquinoline alkylsantonin oxime regioselective preparation; ruthenium rhodium catalyst regioselective alkylation methylquinoline acrylate styrene alkene; regioselective alkylation methylquinoline santonin oxime ether alkene ruthenium catalyst; rhodium catalyst regioselective alkylation methylquinoline santonin oxime ether alkene; mechanism kinetic isotope effect regioselective alkylation methylquinoline acrylate.Recommanded Product: 18436-73-2.

In the presence of either [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 or [Cp*RhCl2]2 and AgSbF6, 8-methylquinolines underwent regioselective alkylation with acrylates, styrenes, and other alkenes mediated by pivalic acid in hexafluoroisopropanol to yield 8-alkylquinolines with linear alkyl substituents. The mechanism of the reaction was studied using deuterium labeling, kinetic isotope effect, and competition studies; the reaction may proceed through a five-membered metallacycle intermediate. Under similar conditions, an O-methyloxime derivative of (-)-santonin underwent regioselective alkylation with Et acrylate and acrylonitrile.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, New Journal of Chemistry called Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to valeric acid over platinum-tungsten catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3, Author is Bhanuchander, Ponnala; Samudrala, Shanthi Priya; Putrakumar, Balla; Vijayanand, Perupogu; Kumar, Beepala Sateesh; Chary, Komandur V. R., which mentions a compound: 591-12-8, SMILESS is O=C1OC(C)=CC1, Molecular C5H6O2, SDS of cas: 591-12-8.

To address the challenges associated with fossil fuel depletion, exploration of the sustainable energy resources is one of the most pursued research areas in this century. Valeric acid (VA) is considered as a valuable platform mol. for the production of biofuels and chem. intermediates. However, the production of VA from levulinic acid (LA) has become one of the most desirable reactions. The aim of this work was to investigate the amount of acidity, Pt loading and exptl. conditions for the hydrogenation of LA into VA operated at 0.1 MPa H2 pressure and to elucidate the relationship between the active sites and the catalytic performance. The Pt-WO3 catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 were synthesized by a simple wet impregnation method with various Pt loadings from 0.5 to 3 wt% with constant 10 wt% of WO3 and calcination at 500 °C for 4 h under air. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), N2 adsorption-desorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), pyridine Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (Pyr.FT-IR) and CO-chemisorption studies. Under optimized reaction conditions, the 2Pt-10WO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest selectivity to VA (58%) with 91% conversion of LA. This is due to the availability of a huge number of acidic and Pt active sites on the catalyst surface. In addition, the catalytic activity, reaction parameters and stability of the catalyst are demonstrated clearly.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one(SMILESS: O=C1OC(C)=CC1,cas:591-12-8) is researched.Synthetic Route of C10H6Cl2N2O2. The article 《Elucidation of surface active sites by formic acid adsorbed IR studies in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to valeric acid over rare earth metal doped titania supported nickel catalysts》 in relation to this compound, is published in Catalysis Today. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:591-12-8).

Titania supported Ni catalyst modified by different lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr and Nd) were evaluated for the one-step conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to valeric acid (VA) using formic acid as a hydrogen source. Among these, the La modified Ni/TiO2 demonstrated better VA yields with an optimum LA to VA mole ratio of 1:3. Pyridine and/or formic acid adsorbed IR studies revealed that presence of weak Lewis and strong basic sites present on the Ni-La/TiO2 surface was the reason for higher VA selectivity. The physicochem. characteristics of the modified Ni-M/TiO2 (M = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) catalysts deduced from H2-TPR, N2O titration, TPD of NH3 and catalytic activity data emphasized a combination of metallic Ni with surface acid-base sites were responsible for the formation of VA in single step. Using aqueous γ-valerolactone, 99% selectivity towards VA was achieved. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed based on the kinetic data obtained at moderate temperatures and ambient pressures.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthetic Route of C10H6Cl2N2O2. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 5-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C10H6Cl2N2O2, CAS is 276684-04-9, about Synthesis and anticancer activity of heteroaromatic linked 4β-amido podophyllotoxins as apoptotic inducing agents. Author is Kamal, Ahmed; Tamboli, Jaki R.; Vishnuvardhan, M. V. P. S.; Adil, S. F.; Nayak, V. Lakshma; Ramakrishna, S..

A series of different heteroaromatic linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxin conjugates were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against five human cancer cell lines. Among the series, one of the compound I showed significant antiproliferative activity in A549 (lung cancer) cell line. Flow cytometric anal. showed that I arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase leading to caspase-3 dependent apoptotic cell death. Further, Hoechst 33258 staining and DNA fragmentation assay also suggests that I induces cell death by apoptosis.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Deng, Ting; Tuo, Suxing; Yang, Huawu; Du, Wen; Chen, Bo; Yin, Xinqiang; Huang, Ping; Deng, Changjian; Gong, Shuguo; Lu, Hongmei; Tan, Xinliang; Zhong, Kejun published an article about the compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one( cas:591-12-8,SMILESS:O=C1OC(C)=CC1 ).Application of 591-12-8. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:591-12-8) through the article.

In order to study the chem. composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products (HTPs) and to investigate the puff-by-puff release characteristics of aerosols from HTP samples, an online sampling device for HTP aerosols was developed by adopting a valve injection technique. Using this technique, HTP aerosols were directly introduced into gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) by carrier gas (helium) through an inline heating transmission line without sample loss. The results showed that the online HTP aerosol anal. system had a stable performance and good reproducibility. The contents of acetone and 2-butanone determined in the aerosols of sample A by this method was in good accordance with the results reported by literature. With the proceeding of puffing, the releases of acetone and 2-butanone from the aerosols of sample B increased first and then decreased. This method is simple, efficient and suitable for the online anal. of the whole aerosols of HTPs and the puff-by-puff release characteristics of HTP aerosols.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Study on the effect of dual solvent proportions on composition of Rosa x damascena concrete oil obtained using soxhlet extraction method. Author is Sofiya, K.; Kumar, G. Bharath.

Concrete oil was extracted from Rosa x damascena using different percentage ratios of solvents (petroleum ether and ethanol) by the Soxhlet extraction method. The extraction was carried out using petroleum ether and ethanol in five different percentage ratios of (volume/volume) (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) (petroleum ether:ethanol). The rotary vacuum evaporator was used to sep. concrete oil and the solvents. The extracted concrete oil was analyzed using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The obtained results show that many new compounds were identified, at two different solvents and its ratios. Phenylethyl alc. in the percentages of (61.71%), (10.07%) and (25.92%) was obtained as a major compound with the solvent percentages of (100:0), (50:50) and (75:25) (PE:E), resp. Hexacosane (37.2%) was identified as a major compound when pure ethanol is used as a solvent. The highest number of components were identified (totally 93 components) when an equal percentage (50:50) of petroleum ether and ethanol were mixed. The usual monoterpenes components, e.g. geraniol, nerol, citronellol and linalool, were not found in the present extraction study. This study concludes that the compositions of concrete oil were mainly influenced by the type of solvents and its ratios used for the extraction

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia