Day: April 12, 2022

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Biological comparison of synthetic and natural adermin》. Authors are Moller, E. F.; Zima, O.; Jung, F.; Moll, Th..The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Category: pyrimidines. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

Synthetic adermin was assayed by its influence on growth and acid formation by Streptobact. plantarum (C. A. 32, 9165.1); curves of growth (turbidity) and acidity vs. time are given. The synthetic preparation is slightly more active than the vitamin preparation made from rice hulls. A growth effect upon Streptobact. plantarum is likewise exhibited by 2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (hydrochloride m. 254°) although in 50-fold dose the result was only 30-40% of that of the B6 hydrochloride. The 4-desoxyadermin in single doses of 1000 γ is inactive on dermatitic rats.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 591-12-8, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, about Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to valeric acid over platinum-tungsten catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3, the main research direction is hydrogenation levulinate valerate platinum tungsten catalyst supported alumina.Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one.

To address the challenges associated with fossil fuel depletion, exploration of the sustainable energy resources is one of the most pursued research areas in this century. Valeric acid (VA) is considered as a valuable platform mol. for the production of biofuels and chem. intermediates. However, the production of VA from levulinic acid (LA) has become one of the most desirable reactions. The aim of this work was to investigate the amount of acidity, Pt loading and exptl. conditions for the hydrogenation of LA into VA operated at 0.1 MPa H2 pressure and to elucidate the relationship between the active sites and the catalytic performance. The Pt-WO3 catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 were synthesized by a simple wet impregnation method with various Pt loadings from 0.5 to 3 wt% with constant 10 wt% of WO3 and calcination at 500 °C for 4 h under air. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), N2 adsorption-desorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), pyridine Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (Pyr.FT-IR) and CO-chemisorption studies. Under optimized reaction conditions, the 2Pt-10WO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest selectivity to VA (58%) with 91% conversion of LA. This is due to the availability of a huge number of acidic and Pt active sites on the catalyst surface. In addition, the catalytic activity, reaction parameters and stability of the catalyst are demonstrated clearly.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one)Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(591-12-8).

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Synthetic and natural phellandrene.》. Authors are Kondakow, J.; Schindelmeiser, J..The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Quality Control of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

[Machine Translation of Descriptors]. Carvomenthene, from carvomenthylchloride represented, became after REYCHLER into tertiary carvomenthol and over with 12 mm and 83.5-84.5° boiling. Chloride, D204; 0.932, into tertiary carvomenthene, C10H18, transferred. Boiling point 174-176°; D204; 0.811; nD = 1.45709, molecular refraction 46.23. Dibromide, under strong cooling in petroleum-ether prepared, Kp11; 130-144°. D204; 1.208, optical-inactively, separates no HBr, however alcoholic KOH supplies a hydrocarbon, from the main quantity with 175-180° with boiling D204; 0.825, nD = 1.46693, the smaller part with 180-185°. D204; 0.828, nD = 1.4673; molecular refraction 45.56. Both optical-inactive fractions color intensively raspberry red in a solution of acetic anhydride by H2SO4 and are undoubtedly different from the output hydrocarbon. Under consideration of the formation of the new hydrocarbon from carvomenthol author writes it from SEMMLER, (Ber. German Chem. Society 36. 1779; C. 1903. II. 116) for the phellandrene determined constitution without being able to prove the identity. Phellandrene from phellandrum aquaticum, boiling point 165-168°, D204; 0.844, nD = 1.47575, [α] D20 = 8° 37′. Molecular refraction a mixture of monochloride and dichloride gives 45.28, which probably contains an optical-inactive isomer, with HCl in glacial acetic acid. Monochloride, C10H17Cl, Kp11; 86°, melting point about 110° in the melted out tube, optically dextrorotatory. Dichloride, C10H18Cl2, Kp16; 122.5-125°, D204, 1.006, nD20 = 1.48516.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Electric Literature of C5H6O2. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Transfer Hydrogenation of Methyl and Ethyl Levulinate Promoted by a ZrO2 Catalyst: Comparison of Batch vs. Continuous Gas-Flow Conditions. Author is Tabanelli, Tommaso; Paone, Emilia; Blair Vasquez, Paola; Pietropaolo, Rosario; Cavani, Fabrizio; Mauriello, Francesco.

The catalytic conversion of Me and Et levulinates into γ-valerolactone (GVL) by using methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol as the H-donor/solvent, promoted by the ZrO2 catalyst, is described as carried out under both batch and gas-flow conditions. Under batch conditions, 2-propanol was found to be the best H-donor mol., with Et levulinate giving the highest yield in GVL. The reactions occurring under continuous gas-flow conditions were found to be much more efficient, also showing excellent yields in GVL when EtOH was used as the reducing agent. These experiments clearly show that the ability to release hydrogen from the alc. H-donor/solvent is the main factor driving CTH processes, while the tendency to attack the esteric group is the key step in the formation of transesterification products.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 2-Bromo-3-methoxypropanoic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H7BrO3, CAS is 65090-78-0, about Study on by-products in N-benzyl-2-bromo-3-methoxypropionamide by mixed anhydride methods, the main research direction is byproduct benzyl bromo methoxypropionamide mixed anhydride.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-3-methoxypropanoic acid.

N-Benzyl-2-bromo-3-methoxypropionamide was synthesized from 2-bromo-3-methoxypropionic acid by mixed anhydride methods. The main impurities were separated and analyzed. Furthermore, the mechanism of the production of the main impurities was discussed. The mol. structures of impurities were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13C NMR, IR.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Smoking cessation in severe mental illness: what works?》. Authors are Banham, Lindsay; Gilbody, Simon.The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Recommanded Product: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

AIMS: The physical health of people with severe mental illness (SMI) is poor. Smoking-related illnesses are a major contributor to excess mortality and morbidity. An up-to-date review of the evidence for smoking cessation interventions in SMI is needed to inform clinical guidelines. METHODS: We searched bibliographic databases for relevant studies and independently extracted data. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of smoking cessation or reduction conducted in adult smokers with SMI. Interventions were compared to usual care or placebo. The primary outcome was smoking cessation and secondary outcomes were smoking reduction, change in weight, change in psychiatric symptoms and adverse events. RESULTS: We included eight RCTs of pharmacological and/or psychological interventions. Most cessation interventions showed moderate positive results, some reaching statistical significance. One study compared behavioural support and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to usual care and showed a risk ratio (RR) of 2.74 (95% CI 1.10-6.81) for short-term smoking cessation, which was not significant at longer follow-up. We pooled five trials that effectively compared bupropion to placebo giving an RR of 2.77 (95% CI 1.48-5.16), which was comparable to Hughes et al.’s 2009 figures for general population data; RR = 1.69 (95% CI 1.53-1.85). Smoking reduction data were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis, but results were generally positive. Trials suggest few adverse events. All trials recorded psychiatric symptoms and the most significant changes favoured the intervention groups over the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treating tobacco dependence is effective in patients with SMI. Treatments that work in the general population work for those with severe mental illness and appear approximately equally effective. Treating tobacco dependence in patients with stable psychiatric conditions does not worsen mental state.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Related Products of 18436-73-2. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline, is researched, Molecular C10H8ClN, CAS is 18436-73-2, about Synthesis and in-vitro evaluation of new benzenesulfonamides as antileishmanial agents. Author is Borges, Julio C.; Carvalho, Adriana V.; Bernardino, Alice M. R.; Oliveira, Cesar D.; Pinheiro, Luiz C. S.; Marra, Roberta K. F.; Castro, Helena C.; Wardell, Solange M. S. V.; Wardell, James L.; Amaral, Veronica F.; Canto-Cavalheiro, Marilene M.; Leon, Leonor L.; Genestra, Marcelo.

The synthesis and the antileishmanial activity of sulfonamides I (R1 = H, Me, Cl, Br; R2 = H, Me; R3 = H, Me) was reported. In particular, compound I (R1 = H, R2 = Me, R3 = H) showed significant in-vitro activity against Leishmania amazonensis. Compounds I also were found to not show any toxicity to murine macrophage up to a concentration of 320μgL-1.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Formula: C5H14Cl2N2. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: Piperidin-4-amine dihydrochloride, is researched, Molecular C5H14Cl2N2, CAS is 35621-01-3, about Polyamine Analog Regulation of NMDA MK-801 Binding: A Structure-Activity Study. Author is Bergeron, Raymond J.; Weimar, William R.; Wu, Qianhong; Feng, Yang; McManis, James S..

A series of analogs and homologs of spermine were synthesized, and their impact on MK-801 binding to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor was evaluated. These tetraamines encompass both linear and cyclic compounds The linear mols. include norspermine, N1,N11-diethylnorspermine, N1,N12-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)spermine, homospermine, and N1,N14-diethylhomospermine. The cyclic tetraamines consist of the piperidine analogs N1,N3-bis(4-piperidinyl)-1,3-diaminopropane, N1,N4-bis(4-piperidinyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, N1,N4-bis(4-piperidinylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, and N1,N4-bis[2-(4-piperidinyl)ethyl]-1,4-diaminobutane and the pyridine analogs N1,N3-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3-diaminopropane, N1,N4-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, N1,N4-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, and N1,N4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethyl]-1,4-diaminobutane. This structure-activity set makes it possible to establish the importance of charge, intercharge distance, and terminal nitrogen substitution on polyamine-regulated MK-801 binding in the NMDA channel. Four families of tetraamines are included in this set: norspermines, spermines, homospermines, and tetraazaoctadecanes. Calculations employing a SYBYL modeling program revealed that the distance between terminal nitrogens ranges between 12.62 and 19.61 Å. The tetraamines are constructed such that within families cyclics and acyclics have similar lengths but different nitrogen pKa’s and thus different protonation, or charge, states at physiol. pH. The pKa values for all nitrogens of each mol. and its protonation state at physiol. pH are described. The modifications at the terminal nitrogens include introduction of Et and β,β,β-trifluoroethyl groups and incorporation into piperidinyl or pyridyl systems. The studies clearly indicate that polyamine length, charge, and terminal nitrogen substitution have a significant effect on how the tetraamine regulates MK-801 binding to the NMDA receptor. Thus a structure-activity basis set on which future design of MK-801 agonists and antagonists can be based is now available.

In addition to the literature in the link below, there is a lot of literature about this compound(Piperidin-4-amine dihydrochloride)Formula: C5H14Cl2N2, illustrating the importance and wide applicability of this compound(35621-01-3).

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Synthesis of water-soluble, fully biobased cellulose levulinate esters through the reaction of cellulose and alpha-angelica lactone in a DBU/CO2/DMSO solvent system. Author is Pei, Min; Peng, Xinwen; Shen, Yuqing; Yang, Yunlong; Guo, Yuanlong; Zheng, Qiang; Xie, Haibo; Sun, Hui.

Cellulose esters are important cellulose derivatives with good processing ability and material properties. The design and sustainable synthesis of cellulose esters are prime research topics. Herein, cellulose levulinate esters (CLEs) with degrees of substitution (DSs) ranging from 0.15 to 2.04 were simply prepared through an atom-economic reaction between cellulose dissolved in a newly developed 1.8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene/dimethyl sulfoxide/carbon dioxide solvent system and alpha-angelica lactone, a biomass-derived and com. available platform chem., without the addition of any external catalysts or condensation reagents. The optimized reaction conditions of 120°C, 0.5 h, and a 5/1 molar ratio of alpha-angelica lactone to the hydroxyl groups in cellulose resulted in CLEs with appropriate DSs and satisfactory material properties. The structures and thermal properties of the CLEs were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric anal. to develop an in-depth understanding of the correlations among the chem. structures, thermal properties, and mech. properties. A study of solubility in conventional solvents indicated that the CLEs with appropriate DSs were soluble in water, providing a green processing strategy to prepare CLE films with tensile strengths of up to 72 MPa and elongation at break values of up to 26.7%. The morphologies of the films were characterized by SEM and at. force microscopy. The cytotoxicity of the water-soluble CLEs was also evaluated in vaginal epithelial cells (VK2/E6E7) to identify the potential of the CLEs for biomedical applications.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Related Products of 591-12-8. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Efficient synthesis of niobium pentoxide nanowires and application in ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol. Author is Zhang, Zhenwei; Wang, Peng; Wu, Zeying; Yue, Chuanjun; Wei, Xuejiao; Zheng, Jiwei; Xiang, Mei; Liu, Baoliang.

Nb2O5 nanowires with high sp. surface area and crystallinity were prepared by using ammonium oxalate and an acetic acid solvent system. The nanomaterial was applied in ethanolysis of furfuryl alc. (FA), and the yield of the product, 2-(ethoxymethyl)furan (FEE), achieved was up to 79.6%. Compared to mesoporous Nb2O5 materials and other porous materials, the residence time of FEE on the surface of the catalyst is shorter, and the yield of Et levulinate (EL) is lower. Furthermore, a high temperature calcination treatment can change the acid sites and acidity type distribution on the nanowire surface. By XRD, NH3O5 -TPD, IR, and TG-DTA determination methods, it was found that the weak and medium-strong acid sites on the surface of Nb2O5 nanowires were reduced after a 300°C treatment, and the amount of strong acid was relatively higher. According to the catalytic performance test data and acidity determination, it was concluded that more weak acid and medium-strong acid sites improve the conversion of furfuryl alc. to FEE, and the strong acid sites promote further conversion of FEE to EL.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia