Day: April 15, 2022

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 148-51-6, is researched, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, about Preconvulsive changes in brain glucose metabolism following drugs inhibiting glutamate decarboxylase, the main research direction is convulsant brain glucose glycogen; allylglycine brain glucose glycogen; deoxypyridoxine brain glucose glycogen; methionine sulfoximine brain glucose; isoniazid brain glucose glycogen; temperature brain glucose convulsant.Formula: C8H12ClNO2.

DL-C-allylglycine (I) [7685-44-1], 4-deoxypyridoxine-HCl (II) [148-51-6], and DL-methionine-D-sulfoximine (III) (180, 250, and 300 mg/kg resp., i.p.) each induced preconvulsive increases in the brain glucose [50-99-7] concentration of mice at room temperature; II and III also increased brain glycogen [9005-79-2] concentrations in room-temperature mice, but only II did so in mice maintained at 33-4°. Only with I was the increase in brain glucose concentration associated with an increase in blood glucose concentration I, II, III, or isoniazid [54-85-3] (150 mg/kg) reduced rectal temperature in mice at room temperature but not those at 33-4°. Isoniazid reduced brain glucose and glycogen concentrations in mice at 33-4°, but did not affect mice at room temperature The relation between the effects of these drugs on brain carbohydrates and amino acid metabolism is discussed.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Synthetic and natural phellandrene.》. Authors are Kondakow, J.; Schindelmeiser, J..The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Recommanded Product: 148-51-6. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

[Machine Translation of Descriptors]. Carvomenthene, from carvomenthylchloride represented, became after REYCHLER into tertiary carvomenthol and over with 12 mm and 83.5-84.5° boiling. Chloride, D204; 0.932, into tertiary carvomenthene, C10H18, transferred. Boiling point 174-176°; D204; 0.811; nD = 1.45709, molecular refraction 46.23. Dibromide, under strong cooling in petroleum-ether prepared, Kp11; 130-144°. D204; 1.208, optical-inactively, separates no HBr, however alcoholic KOH supplies a hydrocarbon, from the main quantity with 175-180° with boiling D204; 0.825, nD = 1.46693, the smaller part with 180-185°. D204; 0.828, nD = 1.4673; molecular refraction 45.56. Both optical-inactive fractions color intensively raspberry red in a solution of acetic anhydride by H2SO4 and are undoubtedly different from the output hydrocarbon. Under consideration of the formation of the new hydrocarbon from carvomenthol author writes it from SEMMLER, (Ber. German Chem. Society 36. 1779; C. 1903. II. 116) for the phellandrene determined constitution without being able to prove the identity. Phellandrene from phellandrum aquaticum, boiling point 165-168°, D204; 0.844, nD = 1.47575, [α] D20 = 8° 37′. Molecular refraction a mixture of monochloride and dichloride gives 45.28, which probably contains an optical-inactive isomer, with HCl in glacial acetic acid. Monochloride, C10H17Cl, Kp11; 86°, melting point about 110° in the melted out tube, optically dextrorotatory. Dichloride, C10H18Cl2, Kp16; 122.5-125°, D204, 1.006, nD20 = 1.48516.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthetic Route of C5H6O2. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Catalyst-controlled regioselective nitrosocarbonyl aldol reaction of deconjugated butenolides. Author is Mallik, Sumitava; Bhajammanavar, Vinod; Baidya, Mahiuddin.

An unprecedented regiodivergent nitrosocarbonyl aldol reaction of γ-substituted deconjugated butenolides was described. While Lewis base catalyst quinidine leveraged O-selective nitrosocarbonyl aldol reaction exclusively at the γ-position of deconjugated butenolides to produce γ-substituted-butenolides I [R = Me, n-Pr, PhCH2, etc.; R1 = t-BuO, OCH2CH=CH2, PhCH2O, 4-MeC6H4, etc.], Lewis acid catalyst Cu(OTf)2 steered the competitive N-selective nitrosocarbonyl aldol reaction at the β-position, resulting in hetero-β,γ-difunctionalized-butenolides II [R2 = Me, Ph, 4-MeC6H4CH2, PhCH2; R3 = t-Bu, PhCH2, 1-naphthyl, etc.]. Both processes were amenable to a broad range of substrates and scalable, while the latter one represented a rare example of one-pot hetero-β,γ-difunctionalization of butenolide scaffolds.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of piperidine derivatives with various heterocyclic rings at the 4-position, published in 1985-03-31, which mentions a compound: 35621-01-3, Name is Piperidin-4-amine dihydrochloride, Molecular C5H14Cl2N2, Related Products of 35621-01-3.

A series of piperidine derivatives with various heterocyclic rings at the 4-position, e.g. I, II, was prepared and tested for antihypertensive activity and other biol. activities. The antihypertensive effects of the present compounds in the spontaneous hypertensive rat were less potent than those of previously reported compounds However, some exhibited antiulcer and/or antiinflammatory activity. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride(SMILESS: OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl,cas:148-51-6) is researched.Electric Literature of C8H12ClNO2. The article 《Vitamin B6 antagonists alter the function and ultrastructure of mice endothelial cells》 in relation to this compound, is published in Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:148-51-6).

Vitamin B6 is necessary for normal cell membrane function and stability. We studied both the function and ultrastructure of aortic and arterial endothelial cells (EC) in vitamin B6 deficiency induced by vitamin B6 antagonists 4-deoxypyridoxine HCl (dPN·HCl) and isonicotinylhydrazide (INH) given in drinking water to 1-mo-old ICR mice. The mice were fed normal laboratory chow and divided into 3 groups. Mice in group I were given distilled water (control), group II was given 0.1 mg dPN·HCl/mL water, and group III 0.4 mg INH/mL water. After 5 mo the blood plasma concentrations of B6 vitamers pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxal (PL) were analyzed by HPLC. With arachidonic acid (AA) as a precursor, the PGI2 production by EC was assayed by thin-layer chromatog. (TLC) as an indicator of endothelial function. Aorta and arterioles from the foot pad were removed, stained with osmium tetraoxide, and examined by transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the EC ultrastructure. The blood plasma concentrations of PLP, PL, and total B6 were lowest for mice fed INH, followed by dPN·HCl and control. The PGI2 production was paralleled by the plasma vitamin B6 status, with the lowest levels in the INH group, followed by the dPN·HCl group. Abnormalities in the EC ultrastructure were found in both dPN·HCl and INH groups, including cells detached from underlying elastic tissue, with prominent pinocytotic vesicles and swelling and/or indistinct cristae of mitochondria. Thus, vitamin B6 antagonists can induce a deficient status that alters the function and ultrastructure of EC similar to vascular disease.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Electric Literature of C8H12ClNO2. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, is researched, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, CAS is 148-51-6, about Running fits and γ-aminobutyric acid of the superior colliculus of the mouse. Author is Yamashita, Junko; Hirata, Yukio.

The γ-aminobutyric acid content of the superior colliculus of the mouse brain was decreased following the induction of running fits by the intracollicular injection of the antivitamin B6 compound semicarbazide. Aminooxyacetic acid hemihydrochloride, an inhibitor of 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19) with a resultant increase in GABA levels, has been shown to exert an antidotal effect on the induction of running fits. Therefore, this type of convulsive behavior is apparently associated with diminished levels of GABA in the superior colliculus. Running fits were also induced by the antivitamin B6 compounds thiosemicarbazide and 4-deoxypyridoxine-HCl, and presumedly this was also the result of a decrease in GABA level.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Hu, Yamin; Wang, Haiwen; Lakshmikandan, Manogaran; Wang, Shuang; Wang, Qian; He, Zhixia; Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah published the article 《Catalytic co-pyrolysis of seaweeds and cellulose using mixed ZSM-5 and MCM-41 for enhanced crude bio-oil production》. Keywords: Enteromorpha clathrata cellulose zeolite catalytic pyrolysis bio oil.They researched the compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one( cas:591-12-8 ).Recommanded Product: 591-12-8. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:591-12-8) here.

Catalytic co-pyrolysis of seaweed Enteromorpha clathrata (EN) and cellulose (CEL) with catalysts ZSM-5 and MCM-41 was investigated by TG, Py-GC/MS and fixed-bed experiments The effects of temperature, catalysts, seaweed and cellulose ratio were examined on product yields distribution and bio-oil compositions by catalytic co-pyrolysis. The maximum bio-oil yield was recorded at the ratio of 1:1 (EN and CEL) with ZSM-5/MCM-41 at 500°C on co-pyrolytic process. The interaction of radicals and faster heat transfer rate of EN/CEL induces the synergistic effects with catalysts. The advantage of mesoporous mol. sieve along with acidic microporous zeolite of ZSM-5/MCM-41 improved the cracking, dehydration, decarbonylation, decarboxylation, dealkylation, aromatization, oligomerization and deamination reactions. The overall study revealed that the amount of N-containing compounds were decreased and significantly elevated bio-oil production with increased furans and aromatics

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride(SMILESS: OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl,cas:148-51-6) is researched.Category: pyrimidines. The article 《Convulsive effects of 4-deoxypyridoxine and of bicuculline in photosensitive baboons (Papio papio) and in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)》 in relation to this compound, is published in Brain Research. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:148-51-6).

4-Deoxypyridoxine HCl (I) [148-51-6] administered i.v. at 40-100 mg/kg enhanced the natural syndrome of photosynthetic epilepsy in baboons and increased the severity of photically-induced myoclonus so that it progressed to a tonic-clonic seizure. In subconvulsive doses I provoked epileptic afterdischarges in the occipital cortex of monkeys exposed to photic stimulation. In both species I at 100-150 mg/kg induced spontaneous seizures which originated unilaterally in the occipital cortex and began with a horizontal nystagmus. When the occipital discharges no longer generalized, the animals had a normal electroencephalogram. A 4:1 excess of pyridoxine [65-23-6] in baboons blocked the increase in photically-induced responses and drug-induced seizures. Bicuculline (II) [485-49-4] administered i.v. at 0.1-0.4 mg/kg induced generalized seizures in both species, and at 0.3-0.6 mg/kg induced prolonged (150-300 min) seizures characterized by sustained myoclonic activity and relative absence of episodes of postictal silence in baboons. At 0.1-0.3 mg/kg II sometimes caused a brief myoclonic jerk associated with frontorolandic spikes and waves. There seem to be 2 inhibitory systems which differ in their pharmacol. responsiveness but both probably involve γ-aminobutyric acid [56-12-2] as the neurotransmitter. One system seems to be intracortical and its functional failure causes occipital discharges and spontaneous seizures after administration of the pyridoxine antagonists. The other is probably a collateral inhibitory system within the pathways afferent to the somatomotor cortex.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Karanwal, Neha; Verma, Deepak; Butolia, Paresh; Kim, Seung Min; Kim, Jaehoon published an article about the compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one( cas:591-12-8,SMILESS:O=C1OC(C)=CC1 ).Category: pyrimidines. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:591-12-8) through the article.

The direct conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to valeric biofuel is highly promising for the development of biorefineries. Herein, LA is converted into valeric acid (VA) via one-pot direct cascade conversion over non-noble metal-based Nb-doped Cu on Zr-doped porous silica (Nb-Cu/ZPS). Under mild reaction conditions (150°C and 3.0 MPa H2 for 4 h), LA was completely converted into VA in high yield (99.8%) in aqueous medium with a high turnover frequency of 0.038 h-1. The Lewis acid sites of ZPS enhanced the adsorption of LA on the catalyst surface, and both the Lewis and Bronsted acidity associated with Nb2O5 and the metallic Cu0 sites promoted catalysis of the cascade hydrogenation, ring cyclization, ring-opening, and hydrogenation reactions to produce VA from LA. The bimetallic Nb-Cu/ZPS catalyst was also effective for the conversion of VA into various valeric esters in C1-C5 alc. media. The presence of Nb2O5 effectively suppressed metal leaching and coke formation, which are serious issues in the liquid-phase conversion of highly acidic LA during the reaction. The catalyst could be used for up to five consecutive cycles with marginal loss of activity, even without catalyst re-activation.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Reference of 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline, is researched, Molecular C10H8ClN, CAS is 18436-73-2, about Potent antiviral activity of novel multi-substituted 4-anilinoquin(az)olines. Author is Saul, Sirle; Pu, Szu-Yuan; Zuercher, William J.; Einav, Shirit; Asquith, Christopher R. M..

Screening a series of 4-anilinoquinolines and 4-anilinoquinazolines enabled identification of potent novel inhibitors of dengue virus (DENV). Preparation of focused 4-anilinoquinoline/quinazoline scaffold arrays led to the identification of a series of high potency 6-substituted bromine and iodine derivatives The most potent compound 6-iodo-4-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino)quinoline-3-carbonitrile inhibited DENV infection with an EC50 = 79 nM. Crucially, these compounds showed very limited toxicity with CC50 values >10μM in almost all cases. This new promising series provides an anchor point for further development to optimize compound properties.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia