Month: April 2022

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Effect of pyridoxal phosphate on toxicity and antitumor activity of mitomycin C and 4-deoxypyridoxine hydrochloride in rats. Preliminary observations》. Authors are Fujimoto, Shigeru.The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Computed Properties of C8H12ClNO2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

In rats bearing ascites hepatoma, combined therapy with mitomycin C and vitamin B6 arrested leukopenia, but failed to alleviate liver dysfunction and anemia. The growth of subcutaneous tumors was not stimulated by vitamin B6. Tumor growth was inhibited for 2 weeks after administration of 4-deoxypyridoxine-HCl, an antagonist of vitamin B6, to rats fed a diet free of vitamin B6. The administration of vitamin B6 did not lessen the effect of mitomycin C on subcutaneous tumors in rats. Vitamin B6 might counteract leukopenia, a side effect of antitumor agents, by an improvement in metabolism of proteins.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Zhang, Zhenwei; Wang, Peng; Wu, Zeying; Yue, Chuanjun; Wei, Xuejiao; Zheng, Jiwei; Xiang, Mei; Liu, Baoliang researched the compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one( cas:591-12-8 ).Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one.They published the article 《Efficient synthesis of niobium pentoxide nanowires and application in ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol》 about this compound( cas:591-12-8 ) in RSC Advances. Keywords: niobium pentoxide nanowire furfuryl alc ethanolysis. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:591-12-8).

Nb2O5 nanowires with high sp. surface area and crystallinity were prepared by using ammonium oxalate and an acetic acid solvent system. The nanomaterial was applied in ethanolysis of furfuryl alc. (FA), and the yield of the product, 2-(ethoxymethyl)furan (FEE), achieved was up to 79.6%. Compared to mesoporous Nb2O5 materials and other porous materials, the residence time of FEE on the surface of the catalyst is shorter, and the yield of Et levulinate (EL) is lower. Furthermore, a high temperature calcination treatment can change the acid sites and acidity type distribution on the nanowire surface. By XRD, NH3O5 -TPD, IR, and TG-DTA determination methods, it was found that the weak and medium-strong acid sites on the surface of Nb2O5 nanowires were reduced after a 300°C treatment, and the amount of strong acid was relatively higher. According to the catalytic performance test data and acidity determination, it was concluded that more weak acid and medium-strong acid sites improve the conversion of furfuryl alc. to FEE, and the strong acid sites promote further conversion of FEE to EL.

After consulting a lot of data, we found that this compound(591-12-8)Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one can be used in many types of reactions. And in most cases, this compound has more advantages.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 591-12-8, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, about Elucidation of surface active sites by formic acid adsorbed IR studies in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to valeric acid over rare earth metal doped titania supported nickel catalysts, the main research direction is formate adsorbed IR hydrogenation levulinate valerate titania supported catalyst.Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one.

Titania supported Ni catalyst modified by different lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr and Nd) were evaluated for the one-step conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to valeric acid (VA) using formic acid as a hydrogen source. Among these, the La modified Ni/TiO2 demonstrated better VA yields with an optimum LA to VA mole ratio of 1:3. Pyridine and/or formic acid adsorbed IR studies revealed that presence of weak Lewis and strong basic sites present on the Ni-La/TiO2 surface was the reason for higher VA selectivity. The physicochem. characteristics of the modified Ni-M/TiO2 (M = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) catalysts deduced from H2-TPR, N2O titration, TPD of NH3 and catalytic activity data emphasized a combination of metallic Ni with surface acid-base sites were responsible for the formation of VA in single step. Using aqueous γ-valerolactone, 99% selectivity towards VA was achieved. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed based on the kinetic data obtained at moderate temperatures and ambient pressures.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Foley, G. E.; McCarthy, R. E.; Binns, V. M.; Snell, E. E.; Guirard, B. M.; Kidder, G. W.; Dewey, V. C.; Thayer, P. S. researched the compound: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride( cas:148-51-6 ).Recommanded Product: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride.They published the article 《Comparative study of the use of microörganisms in the screening of potential antitumor agents》 about this compound( cas:148-51-6 ) in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Keywords: CYTOTOXIC DRUGS; MICROORGANISMS. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:148-51-6).

Collaborative studies were organized to include 16 microbial systems, with bacteria, fungi, and protozoa as the assay microörganisms. A series of 200 compounds were studied. It appears that 95% of the compounds adjudged to be tumor-active in animal assays can be detected by virtue of their inhibitory effects on microörganisms, with as few as 4 selected bioassay systems. 34 references

After consulting a lot of data, we found that this compound(148-51-6)Recommanded Product: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride can be used in many types of reactions. And in most cases, this compound has more advantages.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Effect of infrared ray roasting on oxidation stability and flavor of virgin rapeseed oils.

Effects of IR ray roasting (IRR) on the oxidation stability and flavors of virgin rapeseed oil (VROs) at 110-170°C were investigated and compared with traditional roller roasting (TRR). Results showed that IRR samples showed lower acid and peroxides values, higher oxidation stability index, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity than TRR ones. IRR samples displayed better thermal expansion of rapeseed for internal fragmentation from microstructures, which facilitated the release of tocophenols (652.63-748.78 mg/kg) and 4-vinylsyringol (7.54-678.19 mg/kg), compared with TRR ones with tocophenols (652.63-689.28 mg/kg) and 4-vinylsyringol (7.54-524.18 mg/kg) contributing to better oxidation stability. Moreover, important volatile compounds, including pyrazines, isothiocyanates, nitriles and aldehydes, were formed quant. more in IRR than TRR samples, which was attributed to better heat transfer efficiency and internal fragmentation promoting complex reactions inside rapeseed. Therefore, IRR has more pos. roasting effects on VROs than TRR.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Formula: C10H8ClN. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline, is researched, Molecular C10H8ClN, CAS is 18436-73-2, about Synthesis and in-vitro evaluation of new benzenesulfonamides as antileishmanial agents. Author is Borges, Julio C.; Carvalho, Adriana V.; Bernardino, Alice M. R.; Oliveira, Cesar D.; Pinheiro, Luiz C. S.; Marra, Roberta K. F.; Castro, Helena C.; Wardell, Solange M. S. V.; Wardell, James L.; Amaral, Veronica F.; Canto-Cavalheiro, Marilene M.; Leon, Leonor L.; Genestra, Marcelo.

The synthesis and the antileishmanial activity of sulfonamides I (R1 = H, Me, Cl, Br; R2 = H, Me; R3 = H, Me) was reported. In particular, compound I (R1 = H, R2 = Me, R3 = H) showed significant in-vitro activity against Leishmania amazonensis. Compounds I also were found to not show any toxicity to murine macrophage up to a concentration of 320μgL-1.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Application of 148-51-6. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride, is researched, Molecular C8H12ClNO2, CAS is 148-51-6, about Amino derivatives of pyridoxine and its analogs. Author is Yakovleva, N. L.; Balyakina, M. V.; Gunar, V. I..

Treatment of pyridines I (R = OH, R1 = Me, R2 = CH2OH (II); RR1 = OCMe2CH2O, R2 = CH2OH; R = OH, R1 = CH2OH, R2 = Me) with OP(NMe2)3 gave III (R = OH, R1 = Me, R2 = CH2NMe2 (IV); R = OH, R1 = CH2OH, R2 = CH2NMe2; R = OH, R1 = CH2 NMe2, R2 = Me). Heating II with SOCl2 gave I (R = OH, R1 = Me, R2 = CH2Cl), which was transformed to IV by reaction with Me2NH. Reaction of I (R3 = Cl) with HNMe2 gave I (R3 = NMe2).

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Application In Synthesis of 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Mechanistic insights into furfuryl alcohol based biofuel production over phosphotungstate catalysts. Author is Robichaux, Laura; Kendell, Shane.

A one-step direct alkylation method for synthesizing Bu levulinate from Bu alc. and furfuryl alc. has been explored. This process is carried out under reflux, at ∼ 120 °C for 2 h and utilizes a catalyst. Catalysts are based on phosphotungstic acid; the catalysts are modified via cation exchange, producing several cesium, copper and silver based phosphotungstates. Of these, the greatest activity and selectivity towards Bu levulinate was achieved over the Cu0.5H2[PW12O40] catalyst, with 100% conversion and a Bu levulinate selectivity of 69%. Various side reactions are also observed, with products that may also be suitable for biofuel applications. A detailed product anal. has been performed, and likely reaction schemes for these products have been determined Overall, these results demonstrate an efficient method for Bu levulinate production from biomass-derived sources.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica with penicillin-inhibited Bacteroides symbiosus cells. I. Pyridoxine requirement》. Authors are Reeves, Richard E.; Meleney, Henry E.; Frye, William W..The article about the compound:5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloridecas:148-51-6,SMILESS:OC1=C(C)C(CO)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl).Safety of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:148-51-6) is conveyed.

In a modified Shaffer-Frye culture system it was found that the multiplication of Entamoeba histolytica is strongly inhibited by low concentrations of deoxypyridoxol. The effect of this substance is reversed by the addition of pyridoxal, pyridoxylamine, pyridoxol or pyridoxal phosphate. The last substance was shown to be more effective than pyridoxol in reversing the action of desoxypyridoxol. Conditions were found which allowed the determination of the concentrations of desoxypyridoxol required to reduce to half-maximum the multiplication of E. histolytica. These half-maximum concentrations were reproducible for given stains of amebae, but significant differences were found among 5 strains examined. The F-22 and a newly isolated strain (JH) were more sensitive, the DKB, 200 and K-9 strains were less sensitive to the anti-metabolite. Neither the F-22 nor the DKB strain developed the ability to tolerate larger amounts of anti-metabolite upon continued cultivation in media containing it. Desoxypyridoxol was also effective in preventing the growth of E. histolytica in Cleveland-Collier cultures in the presence of a multiplying mixed-bacterial flora. These results show that there is a pyriodoxine requirement for the multiplication of E. histolytica in the MS-F system. It is not definitely established whether the action of the anti-metabolite is directly on the ameba or upon some phase of the residual metabolism of the accompanying penicillin-inhibited bacterial cells.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Name: 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 4-Chloro-8-methylquinoline, is researched, Molecular C10H8ClN, CAS is 18436-73-2, about Ru(II)/Rh(III)-Catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) Bond Formation through C(sp3)-H Activation: Selective Linear Alkylation of 8-Methylquinolines and Ketoximes with Olefins. Author is Kumar, Rohit; Kumar, Rakesh; Parmar, Diksha; Gupta, Shiv Shankar; Sharma, Upendra.

In the presence of either [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 or [Cp*RhCl2]2 and AgSbF6, 8-methylquinolines underwent regioselective alkylation with acrylates, styrenes, and other alkenes mediated by pivalic acid in hexafluoroisopropanol to yield 8-alkylquinolines with linear alkyl substituents. The mechanism of the reaction was studied using deuterium labeling, kinetic isotope effect, and competition studies; the reaction may proceed through a five-membered metallacycle intermediate. Under similar conditions, an O-methyloxime derivative of (-)-santonin underwent regioselective alkylation with Et acrylate and acrylonitrile.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia