Day: October 26, 2022

Aleidi, Shereen M.; Dahabiyeh, Lina A.; Gu, Xinyun; Al Dubayee, Mohammed; Alshahrani, Awad; Benabdelkamel, Hicham; Mujammami, Muhammad; Li, Liang; Aljada, Ahmad; Abdel Rahman, Anas M. published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Obesity connected metabolic changes in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin.Related Products of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Metformin is widely used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, it is known to have beneficial effects in many other conditions, including obesity and cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic effect of metformin in T2DM and its impact on obesity. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to analyze samples from two cohorts, including healthy lean and obese control, and lean as well as obese T2DM patients on metformin regimen in the last 6 mo. The results show a clear group separation and sample clustering between the study groups due to both T2DM and metformin administration. Seventy-one metabolites were dysregulated in diabetic obese patients (30 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated), and their levels were unchanged with metformin administration. However, 30 metabolites were dysregulated (21 were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated) and then restored to obese control levels by metformin administration in obese diabetic patients. Furthermore, in obese diabetic patients, the level of 10 metabolites was dysregulated only after metformin administration. Most of these dysregulated metabolites were dipeptides, aliphatic amino acids, nucleic acid derivatives, and urea cycle components. The metabolic pattern of 62 metabolites was persistent, and their levels were affected by neither T2DM nor metformin in obesity. Interestingly, 9 metabolites were significantly dysregulated between lean and obese cohorts due to T2DM and metformin regardless of the obesity status. These include arginine, citrulline, guanidoacetic acid, proline, alanine, taurine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-hydroxymethyluracil. Understanding the metabolic alterations taking place upon metformin treatment would shed light on possible mol. targets of metformin, especially in conditions like T2DM and obesity. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Related Products of 4433-40-3

The Article related to metformin diabetes mellitus obesity cancer metabolomics metabolic effect, amino acid, t2dm, body mass index-bmi, mass spectrometry-lc-ms/ms, metabolomics, metformin, obesity, type 2 diabete mellitus and other aspects.Related Products of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Kawasaki, Fumiko; Beraldi, Dario; Hardisty, Robyn E.; McInroy, Gordon R.; van Delft, Pieter; Balasubramanian, Shankar published an article in 2017, the title of the article was Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethyluracil in the eukaryote parasite Leishmania.Application of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Background: 5-Hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) is a thymine base modification found in the genomes of a diverse range of organisms. To explore the functional importance of 5hmU, we develop a method for the genome-wide mapping of 5hmU-modified loci based on a chem. tagging strategy for the hydroxymethyl group. Results: We apply the method to generate genome-wide maps of 5hmU in the parasitic protozoan Leishmania sp. In this genus, another thymine modification, 5-(β-glucopyranosyl) hydroxymethyluracil (base J), plays a key role during transcription. To elucidate the relationship between 5hmU and base J, we also map base J loci by introducing a chem. tagging strategy for the glucopyranoside residue. : bserved 5hmU peaks are highly consistent among tech. replicates, confirming the robustness of the method. 5hmU is enriched in strand switch regions, telomeric regions, and intergenic regions. Over 90% of 5hmU-enriched loci overlapped with base J-enriched loci, which occurs mostly within strand switch regions. We also identify loci comprising 5hmU but not base J, which are enriched with motifs consisting of a stretch of thymine bases. Conclusions: By chem. detecting 5hmU we present a method to provide a genome-wide map of this modification, which will help address the emerging interest in the role of 5hmU. This method will also be applicable to other organisms bearing 5hmU. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application of 4433-40-3

The Article related to genome wide mapping 5hydroxymethyluracil transcription dna sequencing leishmania, 5-formyluracil (5fu), 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmu), base j, genome-wide mapping, leishmania donovani, leishmania major and other aspects.Application of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On September 1, 2017, Kang, Soyeong; Jang, Seok Hyeon; Lee, Juyeol; Kim, Dong-gil; Kim, Mijin; Jeong, Wook; Rhee, Young Ho published an article.Application of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Asymmetric Addition Reaction of Unprotected Pyrimidines to Alkoxyallene. And the article contained the following:

Catalytic asym. synthesis of N-heterocyclic glycosides free of protecting and directing groups is reported. The key reaction is highlighted by the atom-efficient and regioselective addition of unprotected pyrimidines to highly functionalized alkoxyallene. Numerous acyclic and cyclic N-heterocyclic glycosides are accessed with minimal formation of organic byproducts. The synthetic utility of the reaction is demonstrated by the first catalytic asym. synthesis of anticancer pharmaceutical (-)-Tegafur and stereoselective synthesis of an oxepane nucleoside derivative The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Application of 4433-40-3

The Article related to protecting group free heterocyclic glycoside enantioselective synthesis, regioselective addition unprotected pyrimidine alkoxyallene chiral catalysis, tegafur stereoselective synthesis oxepane nucleoside and other aspects.Application of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Dahabiyeh, Lina A.; Mujammami, Muhammad; Arafat, Tawfiq; Benabdelkamel, Hicham; Alfadda, Assim A.; Abdel Rahman, Anas M. published an article in 2021, the title of the article was A metabolic pattern in healthy subjects given a single dose of metformin: a metabolomics approach.Electric Literature of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Metformin is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It possesses effective roles in various disorders, including cancer, dyslipidemia, and obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of metformin′s multiple benefits are not fully understood. Herein, a mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach was used to investigate the metabolic changes associated with the administration of a single dose of metformin in the plasma of 26 healthy subjects at five-time points; pre-dose, before the maximum concentration of metformin (Cmax), Cmax, after Cmax, and 36 h postdose. A total of 111 metabolites involved in various biochem. processes were perturbed, with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) being the most significantly altered pathway. Addnl., the Pearson similarity test revealed that 63 metabolites showed a change in their levels dependent on metformin level. Out of these 63, the level of 36 metabolites was significantly altered by metformin. Significantly altered metformin-dependent metabolites, including hydroxymethyl uracil, propionic acid, glycerophospholipids, and eicosanoids, pointed to fundamental biochem. processes such as lipid network signaling, energy homeostasis, DNA lesion repair mechanisms, and gut microbiota functions that could be linked to the multiple beneficial roles of metformin. Thus, the distinctive metabolic pattern linked to metformin administration can be used as a metabolic signature to predict the potential effect and mechanism of actions of new chem. entities during drug development. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Electric Literature of 4433-40-3

The Article related to metabolic pattern healthy human single dose metformin metabolomics, branched-chain amino acids, cancer, eicosanoids, glycerophospholipid, mass spectrometry, metabolomics, metformin, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other aspects.Electric Literature of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On April 30, 2021, Ishizaki, Tetsuo; Mazaki, Junichi; Enomoto, Masanobu; Shigoka, Masatoshi; Kasahara, Kenta; Matsudo, Takaaki; Kawakita, Hideaki; Nagakawa, Yuichi; Katsumata, Kenji; Tsuchida, Akihiko published an article.Application In Synthesis of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Prospective multicenter phase II study of biweekly TAS-102 and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer. And the article contained the following:

This study assessed the efficacy and safety of biweekly trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride (TAS-102) with bevacizumab combination therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We included 19 patients with mCRC who received TAS-102 and bevacizumab combination therapy biweekly as third-line chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Patients had a median age of 73 years and most (73.4%) were men. The median progression-free and overall survival were 5.6 and 11.5 mo, resp. Five (26.3%) patients achieved a response and the disease control rate was 12/19 (63.1%). One patient (5.2%) experienced neutropenia grade 3 or more. The median time from baseline performance status 0/1 to worsening to 2 or more was 10.3 mo. Biweekly TAS-102 plus bevacizumab facilitates tumor shrinkage by reducing the incidence of grade 3 or more neutropenia, improving survival, and maintaining performance status. This combination may represent a treatment option for patients with late-stage rnCRC receiving third- or later-line therapy. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Application In Synthesis of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to metastatic colorectal cancer trifluridine tipiracil hydrochloride bevacizumab chemotherapy, clin trial phase 2 adverse svent biweekly, biweekly, tas-102, bevacizumab, metastatic colorectal cancer, neutropenia and other aspects.Application In Synthesis of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Kropinski, Andrew M.; Turner, Dann; Nash, John H. E.; Ackermann, Hans-Wolfgang; Lingohr, Erika J.; Warren, Richard A.; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.; Ehrlich, Melanie published an article in 2018, the title of the article was The sequence of two bacteriophages with hypermodified bases reveals novel phage-host interactions.HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Bacteriophages SP-15 and ΦW-14 are members of the Myoviridae infecting Bacillus subtilis and Delftia (formerly Pseudomonas) acidovorans, resp. What links them is that in both cases, approx. 50% of the thymine residues are replaced by hypermodified bases. The consequence of this is that the physico-chem. properties of the DNA are radically altered (melting temperature (Tm), buoyant d. and susceptibility to restriction endonucleases). Using 454 pyrosequencing technol., we sequenced the genomes of both viruses. Phage ΦW-14 possesses a 157-kb genome (56.3% GC) specifying 236 proteins, while SP-15 is larger at 222 kb (38.6 mol % G + C) and encodes 318 proteins. In both cases, the phages can be considered genomic singletons since they do not possess BLASTn homologs. While no obvious genes were identified as being responsible for the modified base in ΦW-14, SP-15 contains a cluster of genes obviously involved in carbohydrate metabolism The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3

The Article related to carbohydrate metabolism myoviridae bacillus delftia, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, 5-hydroxypentyluracil, bacillus, dna sequencing, delftia, sp-15, alpha-putrescinylthymine, bacteriophage, hypermodified bases, φw-14 and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On January 31, 2012, Zeng, Yan-Bo; Zhu, Shun-Hai; Dong, Hui; Han, Hong-Yu; Jiang, Lian-Lian; Wang, Quan; Cheng, Jun; Zhao, Qi-Ping; Ma, Wei-Jiao; Huang, Bing published an article.COA of Formula: C17H24N4O6 The title of the article was Great efficacy of sulfachloropyrazine-sodium against acute murine toxoplasmosis. And the article contained the following:

Objective: To identify more effective and less toxic drugs to treat animal toxoplasmosis. Methods: Efficacy of seven kinds of sulfonamides against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in an acute murine model was evaluated. The mice used throughout the study were randomly assigned to many groups (10 mice each), which either remained uninfected or were infected i.p. with tachyzoites of T. gondii (strains RH and CN). All groups were then treated with different sulfonamides and the optimal treatment protocol was determined candidates. Sulfadiazine-sodium (SD) was used for comparison. Results: The optimal therapy involved gavaging mice twice per day with 250 mg/kg bw of sulfachloropyrazine-sodium (SPZ) for five days. Using this protocol, the average survival time and the time-point of 50% fatalities were prolonged significantly compared with SD treatment. Treatment with SPZ protected 40% of mice from death, and the heart and kidney tissue of these animals was parasite-free, as determined by nested-PCR, SPZ showed excellent therapeutic effects in the treatment of T. gondii in an acute murine model and is therefore a promising drug candidate for the treatment and prevention of T. gondii in animals. Conclusions: II can be concluded that the effective drug sulfachloropyrazine may be the new therapeutic options against animal toxoplasmosis. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).COA of Formula: C17H24N4O6

The Article related to protozoacide sulfachloropyrazine sodium toxoplasma toxoplasmosis heart liver lung kidney, efficacy, murine, sulfachloropyrazine-sodium, sulfonamides, therapeutic effect, therapy, toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis and other aspects.COA of Formula: C17H24N4O6

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On October 1, 2014, Na, Na; Shi, Ruixia; Long, Zi; Lu, Xin; Jiang, Fubin; Ouyang, Jin published an article.Name: 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was Real-time analysis of self-assembled nucleobases by Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry. And the article contained the following:

The real-time anal. of self-assembled nucleobases was employed by Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (V-EASI-MS). With the anal. of three nucleobases including 6-methyluracil (6MU), uracil (U) and thymine (T) as examples, different orders of clusters centered with different metal ions were recorded in both pos. and neg. modes. Compared with the results obtained by traditional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) under the same condition, more clusters with high orders, such as [6MU7+Na]+, [6MU15+2NH4]2+, [6MU10+Na]+, [T7+Na]+, and [T15+2NH4]2+ were detected by V-EASI-MS, which demonstrated the soft ionization ability of V-EASI for studying the noncovalent interaction in a self-assembly process. Furthermore, with the injection of K+ to the system by a syringe pumping, the real-time monitoring of the formation of nucleobases clusters was achieved by the direct extraction of samples from the system under the Venturi effect. Therefore, the effect of cations on the formation of clusters during self-assembly of nucleobases was demonstrated, which was in accordance with the reports. Free of high voltage, heating or radiation during the ionization, this technique is much softer and suitable for obtaining the real-time information of the self-assembly system, which also makes it quite convenient for extraction samples from the reaction system. This “easy and soft” ionization technique provided a potential pathway for monitoring and controlling the self-assembly processes. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 626-48-2).Name: 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to self assembled nucleobase venturi sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry, cations, on-line analysis, real-time monitoring, self-assembled nucleobases, venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry and other aspects.Name: 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On November 30, 2021, Yu. Strobykina, Irina; Voloshina, Alexandra D.; Andreeva, Olga V.; Sapunova, Anastasiia S.; Lyubina, Anna P.; Amerhanova, Syumbelya K.; Belenok, Mayya G.; Saifina, Liliya F.; Semenov, Vyacheslav E.; Kataev, Vladimir E. published an article.Electric Literature of 626-48-2 The title of the article was Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) conjugates of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues. And the article contained the following:

Four new triphenylphosphonium (TPP) conjugates of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogs were synthesized by coupling with 8-bromoctyl- or 10- bromdecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and evaluated for the in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. cereus, E. faecalis, two MRSA strains isolated from patients and resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin and β-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin, E. coli, antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes C. albicans and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines M-HeLa, MCF-7, A549, HuTu-80, PC3, PANC-1 and normal cell line Wi-38. In these compounds a TPP cation was attached via an octyl or a decyl linker to the N 3 atom of the heterocycle moiety (thymine, 6-methyluracil, quinazoline-2,4-dione) which was bonded with 2′,3′,5′-tri- O – acetyl-greek beta-D-ribofuranose residue by the (1,2,3-triazol-4-il)methyl bridge. All synthesized compounds showed high antibacterial activity against S. aureus within the range of MIC values 1.2-4.3 greek muM, and three of them appeared to be bactericidal with respect to tis bacterium at MBC values 4.1-4.3 greek muM. Two lead compounds showed both high antibacterial activity against the MRSA strains resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin within the range of MIC values 1.0-4.3 greek muM and high cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines HuTu-80 and MCF-7 within the range of IC50 values 6.4-10.2 greek muM. This is one of the few examples when phosphonium salts exhibited both antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. According to the results obtained the bactericidal effect of the lead compounds, unlike classical surfactants, was not caused by a violation of the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and their cytotoxic activity is most likely associated both with the induction of apoptosis along the mitochondrial pathway and the arrest of the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 626-48-2).Electric Literature of 626-48-2

The Article related to breast adenocarcinoma triphenylphosphonium fluorouracil doxorubicin cytotoxicity antimicrobial anticancer, antimicrobial activity, click chemistry, cytotoxicity, nucleoside analogues, phosphonium salts, tpp-conjugates and other aspects.Electric Literature of 626-48-2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On June 29, 2020, Mattelaer, Henri-Philippe; Van Hool, Anne-Sophie; de Jong, Flip; Van der Auweraer, Mark; Van Meervelt, Luc; Dehaen, Wim; Herdewijn, Piet published an article.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was New Metal-Free Route towards Imidazole-Substituted Uridine. And the article contained the following:

Nucleosides with a bi(hetero)aryl nucleobase have unique potential applications as antiviral drugs and mol. probes. The need for transition metal catalysis to synthesize these nucleosides from pre-functionalized building blocks and the use of nucleobase protection groups results in expensive and tedious syntheses. Herein we report that 5-imidazolyl-uracil can be obtained by scalable Van Leusen imidazole synthesis and regioselectively introduced on ribose to obtain the desired nucleoside I and II in a 5 step synthesis (total yield 55%). The 5-imidazolyl moiety leads to improved fluorescence properties. The only side-product formed was characterized by 2D-NMR and X-ray crystallog. and could be suppressed during synthesis in favor of the desired product. Testing these newly accessed privileged structures against the current COVID-19 pandemic is currently underway. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

The Article related to van leusen imidazole synthesis nucleoside fluorescence crystal structure vorbruggen, antiviral nucleoside heteroaryl nucleobase imidazolyluracil, fleximers, fluorescent probes, green chemistry, nucleobases, nucleosides and other aspects.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia