Day: October 28, 2022

The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. 109-12-6, formula is C4H5N3, Name is Pyrimidin-2-amine. It is also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. Name: Pyrimidin-2-amine.

Sankar, Velayudham;Kathiresan, Murugavel;Sivakumar, Bitragunta;Mannathan, Subramaniyan research published 《 Zinc-Catalyzed N-Alkylation of Aromatic Amines with Alcohols: A Ligand-Free Approach》, the research content is summarized as follows. An efficient zinc-catalyzed N-alkylation reaction of aromatic amines was achieved using aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic alcs. as the alkylating reagent. A variety of aniline derivatives, including heteroaromatic amines, underwent the N-alkylation reaction and furnished N-alkyl amines in good to excellent yields. The application of reaction was also further demonstrated by the synthesis of 2-phenylquinoline from acetophenone and 2-aminobenzyl alc. Deuterium labeling experiments showed that the reaction proceeded via a borrowing hydrogen process.

Name: Pyrimidin-2-amine, 2-Aminopyrimidine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C4H5N3 and its molecular weight is 95.1 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2-Aminopyrimidine is an organic compound that belongs to the group of pyridines. It has been shown to have antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiviral properties. 2-Aminopyrimidine has been used as a fungicide and herbicide in horticulture and agriculture, respectively. The molecular geometry of this molecule is octahedral with coordination geometry C2v. This chemical binds to the BCR-ABL kinase receptor and inhibits its activity by competitive inhibition of ATP binding. 2-Aminopyrimidine has been shown to have a hematologic response in vivo models and in vitro assays. It also has anti-inflammatory effects when it is taken orally or applied topically., 109-12-6.

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Pyrimidine is a nitrogenous base similar to benzene (a six-membered ring) and includes cytosine, thymine, and uracil as bases used for DNA or RNA. 2927-71-1, formula is C4HCl2FN2, Name is 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. COA of Formula: C4HCl2FN2.

Sang, Chun-Yan;Qin, Wen-Wen;Zhang, Xiu-Juan;Xu, Yu;Ma, You-Zhen;Wang, Xing-Rong;Hui, Ling;Chen, Shi-Wu research published 《 Synthesis and identification of 2,4-bisanilinopyrimidines bearing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl as potential Aurora A inhibitors》, the research content is summarized as follows. The Aurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases that interact with components of the mitotic apparatus and serve as potential therapeutic targets in oncol. Herein, we reported a series of 2,4-bisanilinopyrimidines bearing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl with selective inhibition of Aurora A in either enzymic assays or cellular phenotypic assays, and displaying more potent anti-proliferation compared with that of VX-680. The most potent compound 10a forms better interaction with Aurora A than Aurora B in mol. docking. Mechanistic studies revealed that 10a disrupt the spindle formation, block the cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase and induce apoptosis in HeLa cell. These results suggested that the produced series of compounds are potential anticancer agents for further development as selective Aurora A inhibitors.

COA of Formula: C4HCl2FN2, 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C4HCl2FN2 and its molecular weight is 166.97 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine is an aromatic hydrocarbon that has been shown to inhibit the growth of mouse tumor cells in vitro. It also inhibits the production of amines by reacting with industrial chemicals and sodium carbonate. This compound has potent inhibitory activity against autoimmune diseases and cytotoxic potency on mcf-7 cells. Furthermore, 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine has been shown to have a chlorinating effect on cancer cells., 2927-71-1.

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, 65-86-1, formula is C5H4N2O4, Name is 2,6-Dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid. including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. Reference of 65-86-1.

Sakurai, Toru;Katsumata, Kenji;Udo, Ryutaro;Tago, Tomoya;Kasahara, Kenta;Mazaki, Junichi;Kuwabara, Hiroshi;Kawakita, Hideaki;Enomoto, Masanobu;Ishizaki, Tetsuo;Nemoto, Yukako;Osaka, Yoshiaki;Nagakawa, Yuichi;Sugimoto, Masahiro;Tsuchida, Akihiko research published 《 Validation of Urinary Charged Metabolite Profiles in Colorectal Cancer Using Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry》, the research content is summarized as follows. This study aimed to validate and reanalyze urinary biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancers (CRCs). We previously conducted urinary metabolomic analyses using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and found a significant difference in various metabolites, especially polyamines, between patients with CRC and healthy controls (HC). We analyzed addnl. samples and confirmed consistency between the newly and previously analyzed data. In total, we included 36 HC, 34 adenoma (AD), and 214 CRC samples, which were used for subsequent analyses. Among the 132 quantified metabolites, 16 exhibited consistent differences in both datasets, which included polyamines, etc. Pathway analyses of the integrated data revealed significant differences in many metabolites, such as glutamine, and metabolites of the TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle) and urea cycles. The discrimination ability of the combination of multiple metabolites among the three groups was evaluated, which yielded higher sensitivity than tumor markers. The Mann-Whitney test was employed to evaluate the prognosis predictivity of the assessed metabolites and the difference between the patients with or without recurrence, which yielded 16 significantly different metabolites. Among these 16 metabolites, 11 presented significant prognosis predictivity. These data indicated the potential of metabolite-based discrimination of patients with CRC and AD from HC and prognosis predictivity of the monitored metabolites.

Reference of 65-86-1, Orotic acid anhydrous is a hydrogen bonding interaction that can be found in biological systems. It plays a role in the physiological effects of orotic acid, which is a metabolite of uridine and an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Orotic acid has antimicrobial properties and has been shown to inhibit enzyme activities involved in energy metabolism, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Orotic acid also inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Orotic acid anhydrous is used for treating myocardial infarcts or brain functions. The untreated group was given no treatment at all.
Orotic acid, also known as orotate or orotsaeure, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidinecarboxylic acids. These are pyrimidines with a structure containing a carboxyl group attached to the pyrimidine ring. Orotic acid exists as a solid, slightly soluble (in water), and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Orotic acid has been found in human liver and pancreas tissues, and has also been primarily detected in saliva, feces, urine, and blood. Within the cell, orotic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Orotic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Orotic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, Orotic acid can be biosynthesized from L-dihydroorotic acid and quinone; which is mediated by the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial. In addition, Orotic acid and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be converted into orotidylic acid through its interaction with the enzyme uridine monophosphate synthetase isoform a. In humans, orotic acid is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. Orotic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the mngie (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy) pathway, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria), and Beta ureidopropionase deficiency. Outside of the human body, orotic acid can be found in a number of food items such as green vegetables, alaska blueberry, chickpea, and colorado pinyon. This makes orotic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Orotic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Orotic acid has been found to be associated with several diseases known as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1, cytosolic and hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria; orotic acid has also been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including n-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency, lysinuric protein intolerance, and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
Orotic acid appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Orotic acid is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. It has a role as a metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It derives from a uracil. It is a conjugate acid of an orotate., 65-86-1.

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. 109-12-6, formula is C4H5N3, Name is Pyrimidin-2-amine. It is also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. Formula: C4H5N3.

Saikia, Ananya Anubhav;Rao, Ramdas Nishanth;Maiti, Barnali;Balamurali, Musuvathi Motilal;Chanda, Kaushik research published 《 Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Thiazolidine-2-imines via Microwave-Assisted One-Pot, Telescopic Approach and Its Interaction with Biomacromolecules》, the research content is summarized as follows. In this work, a one-pot, telescopic approach is described for the combinatorial library of thiazolidine-2-imines. The synthetic manipulation proceeds smoothly via the reaction of 2-aminopyridine/pyrazine/pyrimidine with substituted isothiocyanates followed by base catalyzed ring closure with 1,2-dibromoethane to obtain thiazolidine-2-imines with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. The synthetic strategy merges well with the thiourea formation followed by base catalyzed ring closure reaction for the thiazolidine-2-imine synthesis in a more modular and straightforward approach. The synthetic procedure reported herein represents a cleaner route toward thiazolidine-2-imines as compared to traditional methodologies. Moreover, the biol. significance of combinatorially synthesized thiazolidin-2-imines has been investigated for their use as possible inhibitors for acetyl cholinesterase through mol. docking studies.

109-12-6, 2-Aminopyrimidine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C4H5N3 and its molecular weight is 95.1 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2-Aminopyrimidine is an organic compound that belongs to the group of pyridines. It has been shown to have antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiviral properties. 2-Aminopyrimidine has been used as a fungicide and herbicide in horticulture and agriculture, respectively. The molecular geometry of this molecule is octahedral with coordination geometry C2v. This chemical binds to the BCR-ABL kinase receptor and inhibits its activity by competitive inhibition of ATP binding. 2-Aminopyrimidine has been shown to have a hematologic response in vivo models and in vitro assays. It also has anti-inflammatory effects when it is taken orally or applied topically., Formula: C4H5N3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Pyrimidine is a nitrogenous base similar to benzene (a six-membered ring) and includes cytosine, thymine, and uracil as bases used for DNA or RNA. 65-86-1, formula is C5H4N2O4, Name is 2,6-Dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. Electric Literature of 65-86-1.

Safo, Laudina;Abdelrazig, Salah;Grosse-Honebrink, Alexander;Millat, Thomas;Henstra, Anne M.;Norman, Rupert;Thomas, Neil R.;Winzer, Klaus;Minton, Nigel P.;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Barrett, David A. research published 《 Quantitative Bioreactor Monitoring of Intracellular Bacterial Metabolites in Clostridium autoethanogenum Using Liquid Chromatography-Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry》, the research content is summarized as follows. We report a liquid chromatog.-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of 131 intracellular bacterial metabolites of Clostridium autoethanogenum. A comprehensive mixture of uniformly ¹³C-labeled internal standards (U-¹³C IS) was biosynthesized from the closely related bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum using 4% ¹³C-glucose as a carbon source. The U-¹³C IS mixture combined with ¹²C authentic standards was used to validate the linearity, precision, accuracy, repeatability, limits of detection, and quantification for each metabolite. A robust-fitting algorithm was employed to reduce the weight of the outliers on the quantification data. The metabolite calibration curves were linear with R² ≥ 0.99, limits of detection were ≤1.0μM, limits of quantification were ≤10μM, and precision/accuracy was within RSDs of 15% for all metabolites. The method was subsequently applied for the daily monitoring of the intracellular metabolites of C. autoethanogenum during a CO gas fermentation over 40 days as part of a study to optimize biofuel production The concentrations of the metabolites were estimated at steady states of different pH levels using the robust-fitting math. approach, and we demonstrate improved accuracy of results compared to conventional regression. Metabolic pathway anal. showed that reactions of the incomplete (branched) tricarboxylic acid “cycle” were the most affected pathways associated with the pH shift in the bioreactor fermentation of C. autoethanogenum and the concomitant changes in ethanol production

Electric Literature of 65-86-1, Orotic acid anhydrous is a hydrogen bonding interaction that can be found in biological systems. It plays a role in the physiological effects of orotic acid, which is a metabolite of uridine and an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Orotic acid has antimicrobial properties and has been shown to inhibit enzyme activities involved in energy metabolism, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Orotic acid also inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Orotic acid anhydrous is used for treating myocardial infarcts or brain functions. The untreated group was given no treatment at all.
Orotic acid, also known as orotate or orotsaeure, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidinecarboxylic acids. These are pyrimidines with a structure containing a carboxyl group attached to the pyrimidine ring. Orotic acid exists as a solid, slightly soluble (in water), and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Orotic acid has been found in human liver and pancreas tissues, and has also been primarily detected in saliva, feces, urine, and blood. Within the cell, orotic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Orotic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Orotic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, Orotic acid can be biosynthesized from L-dihydroorotic acid and quinone; which is mediated by the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial. In addition, Orotic acid and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be converted into orotidylic acid through its interaction with the enzyme uridine monophosphate synthetase isoform a. In humans, orotic acid is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. Orotic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the mngie (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy) pathway, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria), and Beta ureidopropionase deficiency. Outside of the human body, orotic acid can be found in a number of food items such as green vegetables, alaska blueberry, chickpea, and colorado pinyon. This makes orotic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Orotic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Orotic acid has been found to be associated with several diseases known as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1, cytosolic and hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria; orotic acid has also been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including n-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency, lysinuric protein intolerance, and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
Orotic acid appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Orotic acid is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. It has a role as a metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It derives from a uracil. It is a conjugate acid of an orotate., 65-86-1.

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. 109-12-6, formula is C4H5N3, Name is Pyrimidin-2-amine. In nucleic acids, three types of nucleobases are pyrimidine derivatives: cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U). HPLC of Formula: 109-12-6.

Sadjadi, Samahe;Koohestani, Fatemeh;Abedian-Dehaghani, Neda;Heravi, Majid M. research published 《 Halloysite Nanoclay with High Content of Sulfonic Acid-Based Ionic Liquid: A Novel Catalyst for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans》, the research content is summarized as follows. One of the main drawbacks of supported ionic liquids is their low loading and consequently, low activity of the resultant catalysts. To furnish a solution to this issue, a novel heterocyclic ligand with multi imine sites was introduced on the surface of amino-functionalized halloysite support via successive reactions with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 2-aminopyrimidine. Subsequently, the imine sites were transformed to sulfonic acid-based ionic liquids via reaction with 1,4-butanesultone. Using this strategy, high loading of ionic liquid was loaded on halloysite nanoclay. The supported ionic liquid was then characterized with XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, BET, TGA and elemental mapping anal. and utilized as a metal-free Bronsted acid catalyst for promoting one-pot reaction of aldehydes, dimedone and malononitrile to furnish tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans. The catalytic tests confirmed high performance of the catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst was stable upon recycling.

HPLC of Formula: 109-12-6, 2-Aminopyrimidine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C4H5N3 and its molecular weight is 95.1 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2-Aminopyrimidine is an organic compound that belongs to the group of pyridines. It has been shown to have antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiviral properties. 2-Aminopyrimidine has been used as a fungicide and herbicide in horticulture and agriculture, respectively. The molecular geometry of this molecule is octahedral with coordination geometry C2v. This chemical binds to the BCR-ABL kinase receptor and inhibits its activity by competitive inhibition of ATP binding. 2-Aminopyrimidine has been shown to have a hematologic response in vivo models and in vitro assays. It also has anti-inflammatory effects when it is taken orally or applied topically., 109-12-6.

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. 1722-12-9, formula is C4H3ClN2, Name is 2-Chloropyrimidine. It is also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. Electric Literature of 1722-12-9.

Saad, M. A.;Abdurahman, N. H.;Yunus, Rosli Mohd research published 《 Synthesis, characterization, and demulsification of water in crude oil emulsion via a corn oil-based demulsifier》, the research content is summarized as follows. Natural product-based materials have gained significant interest in replacing the petroleum-based oil chems. with environmentally friendly materials. A corn oil-based demulsifier has been successfully synthesized by the condensation reaction of corn oil with diethanolamine in the presence of a catalyst applied during separation via a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. The demulsifier was characterized by FTIR, GC-MS, and LC-QTOF-MS analyses. The surfactant′s separation efficacy was studied using the Sany-glass test. The results showed that this new product efficiently demulsified the W/O emulsion with 98% separation achieved. The influence of settling time, demulsifier dosage, and temperature on the demulsification efficiency were investigated. The separation efficiency increased with increasing settling time, demulsifier dose and the temperature conditions accelerate the demulsification process. As well, the interfacial tension decreases with increases of the demulsifier dose.

Electric Literature of 1722-12-9, 2-Chloropyrimidine is a monochlorinated pyrimidine with plant growth regulating activity. Chloropyrimidine is a useful reagent in the preparation of antivirals and other biologically active compounds.
2-Chloropyrimidine undergoes cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with aryl halides.
2-Chloropyrimidine is a molecule that can be synthesized by the oxidation of pyrimidine with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid. The reaction proceeds through an electrochemical process in which the oxidation catalyst is a platinum electrode. This reaction is catalyzed by the nucleophilic attack of malonic acid on the chloropyrimidine at the methylene group. This efficient method for making 2-chloropyrimidine has been applied to synthesize aryl halides, including phenyl chloropyrimidine and pyridyl chloropyrimidine, from their corresponding chloride and bromide precursors. The fluorescence properties of 2-chloropyrimidine have been studied in coordination chemistry, where it forms complexes with metal ions such as Mn2+. In this study, it was found that adsorption mechanisms are dependent on molecular size, charge density, kinetic energy, and adsorbent surface area., 1722-12-9.

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, 65-86-1, formula is C5H4N2O4, Name is 2,6-Dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid. including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. Computed Properties of 65-86-1.

Rysova, L.;Legarova, V.;Pacakova, Z.;Hanus, O.;Nemeckova, I.;Klimesova, M.;Havlik, J. research published 《 Detection of bovine milk adulteration in caprine milk with N-acetyl carbohydrate biomarkers by using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy》, the research content is summarized as follows. In a return to tradition, the popularity of caprine milk is on the rise. However, particularly in countries with developed dairy industries based on bovine milk, there is the risk of adulteration with bovine milk, which is a cheaper alternative. Thus, a rapid, robust, and simple method for the detection of bovine milk added to caprine milk is necessary, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy appears to provide a solution A matrix of 115 pure and artificially adulterated pasteurized milk samples was prepared and used to discover biomarkers of bovine milk that are independent of chem. and biol. variation caused by factors such as genetics, diet, or seasonality. Principal component anal. and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant anal. of pure bovine milk and pure caprine milk revealed spectral features that were assigned to the resonances of 4 mols. Of these, the peaks corresponding to protons in the N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine acetyl moieties showed significant applicability for our method. Receiver operating characteristic curve anal. was used to evaluate the performance of the peak integrals as biomarkers of adulteration. This approach was able to distinguish caprine milk adulterated with 5% of bovine milk with 84.78% accuracy and with 10% of bovine milk an excellent 95.65% accuracy. This study demonstrates that N-acetyl carbohydrates could be used as biomarkers for the detection of bovine milk in caprine milk and could help in protecting caprine milk authenticity.

Computed Properties of 65-86-1, Orotic acid anhydrous is a hydrogen bonding interaction that can be found in biological systems. It plays a role in the physiological effects of orotic acid, which is a metabolite of uridine and an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Orotic acid has antimicrobial properties and has been shown to inhibit enzyme activities involved in energy metabolism, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Orotic acid also inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Orotic acid anhydrous is used for treating myocardial infarcts or brain functions. The untreated group was given no treatment at all.
Orotic acid, also known as orotate or orotsaeure, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidinecarboxylic acids. These are pyrimidines with a structure containing a carboxyl group attached to the pyrimidine ring. Orotic acid exists as a solid, slightly soluble (in water), and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Orotic acid has been found in human liver and pancreas tissues, and has also been primarily detected in saliva, feces, urine, and blood. Within the cell, orotic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Orotic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Orotic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, Orotic acid can be biosynthesized from L-dihydroorotic acid and quinone; which is mediated by the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial. In addition, Orotic acid and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be converted into orotidylic acid through its interaction with the enzyme uridine monophosphate synthetase isoform a. In humans, orotic acid is involved in the pyrimidine metabolism pathway. Orotic acid is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the mngie (mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy) pathway, dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, UMP synthase deficiency (orotic aciduria), and Beta ureidopropionase deficiency. Outside of the human body, orotic acid can be found in a number of food items such as green vegetables, alaska blueberry, chickpea, and colorado pinyon. This makes orotic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Orotic acid is a potentially toxic compound. Orotic acid has been found to be associated with several diseases known as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1, cytosolic and hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria; orotic acid has also been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including n-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency, lysinuric protein intolerance, and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
Orotic acid appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Orotic acid is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. It has a role as a metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It derives from a uracil. It is a conjugate acid of an orotate., 65-86-1.

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, 109-12-6, formula is C4H5N3, Name is Pyrimidin-2-amine. including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. Application In Synthesis of 109-12-6.

Roy, Kuldeep;Moholkar, Vijayanand Suryakant research published 《 Sulfadiazine degradation by combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and Fenton-persulfate: parametric optimization and deduction of chemical mechanism》, the research content is summarized as follows. This paper reports the degradation of the sulfadiazine (SDZ) drug with a hybrid advanced oxidation process (AOP) of heterogeneous α-Fe₂O₃/persulfate coupled with hydrodynamic cavitation. The major objectives of the study are parametric optimization of the process and elucidation of the chem. mechanism of degradation The optimum conditions for maximum SDZ degradation of 93.07 ± 1.67% were as follows: initial SDZ concentration = 20 ppm, pH = 4, α-Fe₂O₃ = 181.82 mg/L, Na₂S₂O₈ = 348.49 mg/L, H₂O₂ = 0.95 mL/L, inlet pressure = 0.81 MPa (8 atm), orifice plate configuration: hole dia. = 2 mm and number of holes = 4. D. functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the atoms of SDZ with a high Fukui index (f0) were potentially active sites for the attack of •OH and SO·^–₄ radicals. Fukui index calculation revealed that atom 11 N has a higher value of f0 (0.1026) for oxidation at the α-amine group of the sulfadiazine mol. Degradation intermediates detected through LC-MS/MS anal. corroborated the results of DFT simulations. Using these results, a chem. pathway has been proposed for SDZ degradation

Application In Synthesis of 109-12-6, 2-Aminopyrimidine is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is C4H5N3 and its molecular weight is 95.1 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
2-Aminopyrimidine is an organic compound that belongs to the group of pyridines. It has been shown to have antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiviral properties. 2-Aminopyrimidine has been used as a fungicide and herbicide in horticulture and agriculture, respectively. The molecular geometry of this molecule is octahedral with coordination geometry C2v. This chemical binds to the BCR-ABL kinase receptor and inhibits its activity by competitive inhibition of ATP binding. 2-Aminopyrimidine has been shown to have a hematologic response in vivo models and in vitro assays. It also has anti-inflammatory effects when it is taken orally or applied topically., 109-12-6.

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has the nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring. 554-01-8, formula is C5H7N3O, Name is 4-Amino-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives, including the nucleotides cytosine, thymine and uracil, thiamine (vitamin B1) and alloxan. Reference of 554-01-8.

Rodriguez-Campuzano, Ada G.;Hernandez-Kelly, Luisa C.;Ortega, Arturo research published 《 DNA Methylation-Dependent Gene Expression Regulation of Glutamate Transporters in Cultured Radial Glial Cells》, the research content is summarized as follows. Exposure to xenobiotics has a significant impact in brain physiol. that could be liked to an excitotoxic process induced by a massive release of the main excitatory neurotransmitter, L-glutamate. Overstimulation of extra-synaptic glutamate receptors, mainly of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype leads to a disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis that is critically involved in neuronal death. Hence, glutamate extracellular levels are tightly regulated through its uptake by glial glutamate transporters. It has been observed that glutamate regulates its own removal, both in the short-time frame via a transporter-mediated decrease in the uptake, and in the long-term through the transcriptional control of its gene expression, a process mediated by glutamate receptors that involves the Ca²⁺/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase and the transcription factor Ying Yang 1. Taking into consideration that this transcription factor is a member of the Polycomb complex and thus, part of repressive and activating chromatin remodeling factors, it might direct the interaction of DNA methyltransferases or dioxygenases of methylated cytosines to their target sequences. Here we explored the role of dynamic DNA methylation in the expression and function of glial glutamate transporters. To this end, we used the well-characterized models of primary cultures of chick cerebellar Bergmann glia cells and a human retina-derived Muller glia cell line. A time and dose-dependent increase in global DNA methylation was evident upon glutamate exposure. Under hypomethylation conditions, the glial glutamate transporter protein levels and uptake activity were increased. These results favor the notion that a dynamic DNA methylation program triggered by glutamate in glial cells modulates one of its major functions: glutamate removal.

Reference of 554-01-8, 5-Methylcytosine is a methylated form of the nucleobase cytosine occurring predominantly in cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) islands that are produced by DNA methyltransferases and may regulate gene expression. Like cytosine, the DNA sequence containing 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) is able to be replicated without error and 5-mC can pair with guanine in double stranded DNA. However, DNA sequences containing a high local concentration of 5-mC may be less transcriptionally active than areas with higher ratios of unmodified cytosine.
5-Methylcytosine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxypyrimidines. These are organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group attached to a pyrimidine ring. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. 5-Methylcytosine exists as a solid, slightly soluble (in water), and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Within the cell, 5-methylcytosine is primarily located in the cytoplasm. 5-Methylcytosine can be biosynthesized from cytosine. Outside of the human body, 5-methylcytosine can be found in tea. This makes 5-methylcytosine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
5-methylcytosine is a pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a member of pyrimidines and a methylcytosine. It derives from a cytosine.
5-Methylcytosine is a nucleic acid that is found in the DNA and RNA of the cell. It is an important component of methylation, which is the process by which a methyl group is added to a molecule. This process can lead to cellular transformation, a process that can cause cancer. 5-Methylcytosine has also been shown as a molecular pathogenesis factor in infectious diseases such as HIV and herpes simplex virus type 1. The presence of 5-methylcytosine in nuclear DNA has been detected by analytical techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). There are many analytical methods, including GC/MS, that can be used to detect 5-methylcytosine in cellular nuclei., 554-01-8.

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia