Day: November 3, 2022

On January 31, 2014, Prokofev, Igor I.; Lashkov, Alexander A.; Gabdulkhakov, Azat G.; Dontsova, Mariya V.; Seregina, Tatyana A.; Mironov, Alexander S.; Betzel, Christian; Mikhailov, Al’bert M. published an article.Application of 626-48-2 The title of the article was Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of Vibrio cholerae uridine phosphorylase in complex with 6-methyluracil. And the article contained the following:

Uridine phosphorylase catalyzes the phosphorolysis of ribonucleosides, with the nitrogenous base and ribose 1-phosphate as products. Addnl., it catalyzes the reverse reaction of the synthesis of ribonucleosides from ribose 1-phosphate and a nitrogenous base. However, the enzyme does not catalyze the synthesis of nucleosides when the substrate is a nitrogenous base substituted at the 6-position, such as 6-methyluracil (6-MU). In order to explain this fact, it is essential to investigate the three-dimensional structure of the complex of 6-MU with uridine phosphorylase. 6-MU is a pharmaceutical agent that improves tissue nutrition and enhances cell regeneration by normalization of nucleotide exchange in humans. 6-MU is used for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including infectious diseases. Here, procedures to obtain the uridine phosphorylase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae (VchUPh), purification of this enzyme, crystallization of the complex of VchUPh with 6-MU, and X-ray data collection and preliminary X-ray anal. of the VchUPh-6-MU complex at at. resolution are reported. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 626-48-2).Application of 626-48-2

The Article related to vibrio uridine phosphorylase methyluracil complex crystal structure, 6-methyluracil, vibrio cholerae, bacterial uridine phosphorylase, Enzymes: Structure-Conformation-Active Site and other aspects.Application of 626-48-2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On September 30, 2020, Yang, Sha; Wang, Xiaoning; Duan, Cancan; Zhang, Jianyong published an article.Reference of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was A novel approach combining metabolomics and molecular pharmacology to study the effect of Gei Herba on mouse hematopoietic function. And the article contained the following:

Gei Herba, Chinese named Lanbuzheng (LBZ), is a traditional Chinese medicine promotes hematopoiesis, yet the underlying mechanism for this effect remains largely unknown. In the present study, a novel approach combining LC-MS metabolomics and mol. pharmacol. was developed to investigate the hematopoietic effect and mechanism of LBZ on hematopoietic dysfunction (HD) caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in treated mice. The results show that LBZ can reduce damage in the spleen, a result consistent with the peripheral hemogram. Fourteen potential biomarkers were identified in the spleen by metabolic profiles anal., including 5-hydroxymethyluracil, ascorbalamic acid, AMP, menadiol disulfate, L-homocysteine sulfonic acid and L-carnitine. Change in biomarker levels suggest that LBZ mainly affects β-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids, oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and carnitine synthesis, and those metabolites produced along with related metabolic pathways are closely associated with anti-apoptosis. A mol. pharmacol. approach was simultaneously developed to examine accompanying cellular signaling mechanisms. LBZ activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and granulocyte-colony-stimulating-factor (G-CSF)-mediated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/transcription 3 (STAT3), resulting in inhibiting the release of cytochrome c. Further, LBZ inhibits caspase-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis mediated by caspase-9 and caspase-3. LBZ can thus reduce CTX-induced HD via G-CSF-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling and PI3K/Akt mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways. The present study combines metabolomic and mol. pharmacol. methods to elucidate mechanisms for the protective effect of LBZ on mouse HD following CTX-induced damage. This approach may be useful for exploring mechanisms of action of other drugs. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Reference of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to metabolomics mol pharmacol hematopoietic function mouse, bio-markers, gei herba, hematopoietic function, metabolomics, molecular pharmacology, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Reference of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On June 30, 2022, Cardoso, Danon Clemes; Moura, Mariana Neves; Cristiano, Maykon Passos published an article.Related Products of 65-71-4 The title of the article was Dynamic development of AT -rich heterochromatin has followed diversification and genome expansion of psammophilous Mycetophylax (Formicidae: Attini: Attina). And the article contained the following:

Heterochromatin is an important genome constituent comprised by a high d. of repetitive DNA sequences that mediate chromosome structure and function. The species Mycetophylax morschi currently harbours three cytotypes: 2n = 26, 2n = 28 and 2n = 30 chromosomes. However, Mycetophylax conformis and Mycetophylax simplex harbor 2n = 30 and 2n = 36 chromosomes, resp. None of the cytotypes of M. morschi showed any AT-pos. blocks, whereas the karyotypes of M. conformis and M. simplex revealed AT-rich blocks around the pericentromeric region and on the short arm of several chromosomes. This AT-rich pattern is coincident with the known heterochromatin distribution of psammophilous Mycetophylax, confirming that heterochromatin is AT-rich, in line with the genome size and AT%. Our results demonstrated that genome size among psammophilous Mycetophylax is correlated with the proportion of base pairs, biased to adenine and thymine. Thus, genome size and the proportion of adenine and thymine in the species studied here suggest that the genome changes in psammophilous Mycetophylax are related to the expansion of repetitive DNA in AT-rich heterochromatin. Considering the phylogenetic relationship of psammophilous Mycetophylax, the dynamic development of AT-rich heterochromatin and karyotype repatterning encompasses the diversification of such ants. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Related Products of 65-71-4

The Article related to heterochromatin genome psammophilous mycetophylax formicidae attini attina, base pairs, chromosome, genome evolution, genome size, heterochromatin, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Related Products of 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Ahonkhai, Ijeoma; Russell, A. D. published an article in 1979, the title of the article was Response of RP1+ and RP1- strains of Escherichia coli to antibacterial agents and transfer of resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.SDS of cas: 23256-42-0 And the article contains the following content:

The sensitivity of strains of Escherichia coli, with and without the RP1 R-factor, to antibiotics and other antibacterial agents has been studied. RP1+ strains of E. coli were resistant to kanamycin [8063-07-8], carbenicillin [4697-36-3], and tetracycline [60-54-8], with resistance to the 1st 2 antibiotics being produced by destruction of the drugs. This resistance could be transfered to 2 strains of P. aeruginosa. The parent strain of Escherichia coli UB 1005, its 2 mutant strains (DC2 and DC3), and 2 of the strains with the RP1 R-factor showed a similar order of sensitivity to phenylmercuric nitrate [55-68-5], chlorhexidine diacetate [56-95-1], thiomersal [54-64-8], and HgCl2. Escherichia coli Strains DC2 and DC2 (RP1+) were the most sensitive to benzalkonium chloride and cetrimide [8044-71-1], RP1+ strains were more resistant than RP1- strains to a lysozyme-disodium EDTA mixture [75008-29-6], but treatment of the former strains with acriflavine rendered the cells more sensitive to the lytic system. There was no evidence that P. aeruginose (RP1+) strains possessed increased resistance to polymyxin B sulfate [1405-20-5] or to disinfectants, although they became somewhat less sensitive to lysozyme-EDTA. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).SDS of cas: 23256-42-0

The Article related to escherichia r factor antimicrobial agent, pseudomonas r factor antimicrobial agent, antibiotic escherichia r factor, bactericide escherichia r factor, Biochemical Interactions: Microbial Systems and other aspects.SDS of cas: 23256-42-0

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On July 31, 2022, Brown, Catherine L. J.; Montina, Tony; Inglis, G. Douglas published an article.Category: pyrimidines The title of the article was Feather pulp: a novel substrate useful for proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics and biomarker discovery. And the article contained the following:

Noninvasive biomarkers of stress that are predictive of poultry health are needed. Feather pulp is highly vascularized and represents a potential source of biomarkers that has not been extensively explored. We investigated the feasibility and use of feather pulp for novel biomarker discovery using 1H-NMR Spectroscopy (NMR)-based metabolomics. To this end, high quality NMR metabolomic spectra were obtained from chicken feather pulp extracted using either ultrafiltration (UF) or Bligh-Dyer methanol-chloroform (BD) methods. In total, 121 and 160 metabolites were identified using the UF and BD extraction methods, resp., with 71 of these common to both methods. The metabolome of feather pulp differed in broiler breeders that were 1-, 23-, and 45-wk-of-age. Moreover, feather pulp was more difficult to obtain from older birds, indicating that age must be considered when targeting feather pulp as a source of biomarkers. The metabolomic profile of feather pulp obtained from 12-day-old broilers administered corticosterone differed from control birds, indicating that the metabolome of feather pulp was sensitive to induced physiol. stress. A comparative examination of feather pulp and serum in broilers revealed that the feather pulp metabolome differed from that of serum but provided more information. The study findings show that metabolite biomarkers in chicken feather pulp may allow producers to effectively monitor stress, and to objectively develop and evaluate on-farm mitigations, including practices that reduce stress and enhance bird health. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Category: pyrimidines

The Article related to proton nmr spectroscopy metabolomics biomarker, biomarker, broiler chicken, feather pulp, metabolomics, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Yang, Hao; Wang, Zhenfei; Shi, Shujun; Yu, Qin; Liu, Meiling; Zhang, Zhelin published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Identification of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites as biomarkers for neurobrucellosis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach.Computed Properties of 4433-40-3 And the article contains the following content:

Neurobrucellosis is the most morbid form in brucellosis disease. Metabolomics is an emerging method which intends to explore the global alterations of various metabolites in samples. We aimed to identify metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as biomarkers that were potentially unique for neurobrucellosis. CSF samples from 25 neurobrucellosis patients and 25 normal controls (uninfected patients with hydrocephalus) were collected for metabolite detection using liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach. Inflammatory cytokines in CSF were measured with ELISA (ELISA). The base peak chromatogram in CSF samples showed that small-mol. metabolites were well separated Principal Component Anal. (PCA) anal. exhibited the examined samples were arranged in two main clusters in accordance with their group. Projection to Latent Structures Discriminant Anal. (PLS-DA) revealed there was a noticeable separation between neurobrucellosis and normal groups. Orthogonal Partial Least-Squares-Discriminant Anal. (OPLS-DA) could responsibly illuminate the differences between neurobrucellosis and normal controls. Neurobrucellosis showed a total of 155 differentiated metabolites. Prominent potential biomarkers including 30 metabolites were then selected out, regarded as more capable of distinguishing neurobrucellosis. TNF-α and IL-6 in CSF were remarkably increased in neurobrucellosis. We presented the heatmaps and correlation analyses among the identified 30 potential biomarkers. In conclusion, this study showed that CSF metabolomics based on LC-MS could distinguish neurobrucellosis patients from normal controls. Our data offered perspectives for diagnosis and treatment for neurobrucellosis. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Computed Properties of 4433-40-3

The Article related to neurobrucellosis cerebrospinal fluid metabolite biomarker lcms, neurobrucellosis, cerebrospinal fluid, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, metabolomics, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Computed Properties of 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Semenov, Vyacheslav E.; Zueva, Irina V.; Mukhamedyarov, Marat A.; Lushchekina, Sofya V.; Petukhova, Elena O.; Gubaidullina, Lilya M.; Krylova, Evgeniya S.; Saifina, Lilya F.; Lenina, Oksana A.; Petrov, Konstantin A. published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors based on uracil moiety for possible treatment of Alzheimer disease.Quality Control of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione And the article contains the following content:

In this study, novel derivatives based on 6-methyluracil and condensed uracil were synthesized, namely, 2,4-quinazoline-2,4-dione with ω-(ortho-nitrilebenzylethylamino) alkyl chains at the N atoms of the pyrimidine ring. In this series of synthesized compounds, the polymethylene chains were varied from having tetra- to hexamethylene chains, and secondary NH, tertiary ethylamino, and quaternary ammonium groups were introduced into the chains. The mol. modeling of the compounds indicated that they could function as dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, binding to both the peripheral anionic site and active site. The data from in vitro experiments show that the most active compounds exhibit affinity toward acetylcholinesterase within a nanomolar range, with selectivity for acetylcholinesterase over butyrylcholinesterase reaching four orders of magnitude. In vivo biol. assays demonstrated the potency of these compounds in the treatment of memory impairment using an animal model of Alzheimer disease. The experimental process involved the reaction of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 626-48-2).Quality Control of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to methyluracil derivative acetylcholinesterase inhibitor alzheimer, 6-methyluracil, alzheimer disease, acetylcholinesterase, inhibitors, peripheral anionic site, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.Quality Control of 6-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On April 5, 2022, Zott, Fabian L.; Korotenko, Vasily; Zipse, Hendrik published an article.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O3 The title of the article was The pH-Dependence of the Hydration of 5-Formylcytosine: an Experimental and Theoretical Study. And the article contained the following:

5-Formylcytosine is an important nucleobase in epigenetic regulation, whose hydrate form has been implicated in the formation of 5-carboxycytosine as well as oligonucleotide binding events. The hydrate content of 5-formylcytosine and its uracil derivative has now been quantified using a combination of NMR and mass spectroscopic measurements as well as theor. studies. Small amounts of hydrate can be identified for the protonated form of 5-formylcytosine and for neutral 5-formyluracil. For neutral 5-formylcytosine, however, direct detection of the hydrate was not possible due to its very low abundance. This is in full agreement with theor. estimates The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).COA of Formula: C5H6N2O3

The Article related to formylcytosine hydration hydrogen ion concentration, dna methylation, tet enzymes, aldehyde hydrates, computational chemistry, epigenetics, modified nucleic acids, General Biochemistry: Subcellular Processes and other aspects.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On November 30, 2020, Liu, Yuyang; Hu, Zhangxi; Deng, Yunyan; Shang, Lixia; Gobler, Christopher J.; Tang, Ying Zhong published an article.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Dependence of genome size and copy number of rRNA gene on cell volume in dinoflagellates. And the article contained the following:

Dinoflagellates are an ecol. important group of protists in aquatic environment and have evolved many unusual and enigmatic genomic features such as immense genome sizes, high repeated genes, and a large portion of hydroxymethyluracil in DNA. Although previous studies have observed pos. correlations between the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene copy number and genome size of a variety of eukaryotic organisms (e.g. higher plants and animals), or between cell volume and LSU rRNA gene copy number, and/or between genome size and cell size, which suggests a possible co-evolution among these three features in different lineages of life, it remains an open question regarding the relationships among these three parameters in dinoflagellates. For the first time, we estimated the copy numbers of the LSU rRNA gene, the genome sizes, and cell volumes within a broad range of dinoflagellates (covering 15 species of 11 genera) using single-cell qPCR-based assay (determining LSU rRNA gene copy number), FlowCAM (cell volume measurement), and UV spectrophotometry (genome size estimation). The measured copy number of LSU rRNA gene ranged from 398 ± 184 (Prorocentrum min.) to 152,078 ± 33,555 copies•cell-1 (Alexandrium pacificum), while the genome size and the cell volume ranged from 5.6 ± 0.2 (Karlodinium veneficum) to 853 ± 19.9 pg•cell-1 (Pseliodinium pirum), and from 1,070 ± 225 (Kar. veneficum) to 168,474 ± 124,180 μm3 (Ps. pirum), resp. Together with the three parameters measured in literature, there are significant pos. linear correlations between LSU rRNA gene copy numbers and genome sizes, cell volumes and LSU rRNA gene copy numbers, and between genome sizes and cell volumes via comparisons of multi-model regression analyses, suggesting a dependence of genome size and rRNA gene copy number on the cell volumes of dinoflagellates. Validation of the measurement methods was conducted via comparisons between reported data in the literature and that predicted using the linear equations we obtained, and between genome size measured by flow cytometry (FCM) and UV spectrophotometry (Nanodrop). These results provide insightful understandings of dinoflagellate evolution in terms of the relationships among genomes, gene copy number, and cell volume, and of rRNA gene-based studies in intra-populational and intra-individual genetic diversity, taxonomy, and diversity assessment in the environment of dinoflagellates. The results also provide a dataset useful for reads calibration in environmental metabarcoding studies of dinoflagellates and selection of candidate species for whole genome sequencing. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

The Article related to hydroxymethyluracil genetic diversity aquatic environment alexandrium prorocentrum, cell volume, co-evolution, dinoflagellate, genome size, lsu rrna gene copy number, Placeholder for records without volume info and other aspects.SDS of cas: 4433-40-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On April 1, 1981, Quintanilla Almagro, Eliseo published a patent.Reference of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate The title of the patent was 2,4-Diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine 2-hydroxypropionate. And the patent contained the following:

Lactotrim (I) [23256-42-0], the title compound, was prepared by slow addition of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid to an EtOH suspension of 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine, during constant agitation. The precipitate was dried under vacuum and controlled temperature The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 23256-42-0).Reference of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate

The Article related to lactotrim, Pharmaceuticals: Formulation and Compounding and other aspects.Reference of 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia