Day: December 30, 2022

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and antibiotics in oil-contaminated aquaculture areas: Bioaccumulation, influencing factors, and human health risks was written by Zhang, Jiachao;Zhang, Xuanrui;Hu, Tao;Xu, Xueyan;Zhao, Decun;Wang, Xiaoli;Li, Lei;Yuan, Xianzheng;Song, Chao;Zhao, Shan. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.COA of Formula: C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution caused by marine oil spills and antibiotic pollution caused by aquaculture industries were common environmental problems in the Yellow River Estuary, China. But few data are reported on the bioaccumulation and influencing factors of these two types of contaminants in aquaculture simultaneously. This study investigated the occurrence and bioaccumulation of PAHs and antibiotics in aquaculture areas of the Yellow River Estuary, and explored the factors affecting the bioaccumulation. 3-ring PAHs and fluoroquinolones were dominant contaminants in the study area. The concentrations of PAHs and antibiotics in lipid-rich tissues (fish viscus, shrimp head, and crab ovary) was higher than that in muscle. It indicated that the lipid content was an important factor affecting the bioaccumulation capacity. Physicochem. parameters (K_ow and D_lipw) and the concentrations of PAHs or antibiotics also affected the bioaccumulation capacity of them. Meanwhile, biotransformation was a factor affecting the bioaccumulation of PAHs and antibiotics. The biotransformation (pyrene to 1-hydroxypyrene and enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin) might explain the poor correlation between log bioaccumulation factor and log Ko_w/log D_lipw in fish. Risk assessment indicated that PAHs in mature aquatic products posed carcinogenic risks to human and enoxacin in sea cucumbers posed health risks to human. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3COA of Formula: C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.COA of Formula: C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Discovery and SAR studies of novel 2-anilinopyrimidine-based selective inhibitors against triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 was written by Jo, Jeyun;Kim, Sou Hyun;Kim, Heegyu;Jeong, Myeonggyo;Kwak, Jae-Hwan;Taek Han, Young;Jeong, Jee-Yeong;Jung, Young-Suk;Yun, Hwayoung. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Computed Properties of C8H10ClN3O This article mentions the following:

Triple-neg. breast cancers (TNBCs) are characterized as an invasive and intractable subtype of breast cancers. Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been considered to be an important target for TNBC therapy, but efficacies of EGFR inhibitors in clin. trials are elusive. In this study, novel series of 2-anilinopyrimidines were synthesized in an effort to identify selective inhibitors against an EGFR-overexpressing TNBC cell line. Biol. evaluation demonstrated that compounds I and II, with a 4-methylpiperidine group and a high ClogP value, exhibited good potency and selectivity for the TNBC cell line. This study has provided evidence to support further development of 2-anilinopyrimidine-based TNBC selective inhibitors and investigation of the targets of compounds I and II. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (cas: 62968-37-0Computed Properties of C8H10ClN3O).

4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (cas: 62968-37-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Computed Properties of C8H10ClN3O

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Novel B-ring modified combretastatin analogs: syntheses and antineoplastic activity was written by Hatanaka, Toshihiro;Fujita, Koichi;Ohsumi, Koji;Nakagawa, Ryusuke;Fukuda, Toshihiro;Nihei, Yukio;Suga, Yasuyo;Akiyama, Yukio;Tsuji, Takashi. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 1998.Application of 90905-32-1 This article mentions the following:

A series of B-ring modified combretastatin analogs were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against microtubule assembly, cytotoxic activity against Colon 26 adenocarcinoma cancer cell line were evaluated. Among these, pyridone derivative (I) showed strong antimitotic activity and cytotoxicity, along with excellent water-solubility In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Methoxypyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 90905-32-1Application of 90905-32-1).

2-Methoxypyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (cas: 90905-32-1) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Application of 90905-32-1

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Loss-of-Function Genetic Screening Identifies Aldolase A as an Essential Driver for Liver Cancer Cell Growth Under Hypoxia was written by Niu, Yi;Lin, Ziyou;Wan, Arabella;Sun, Lei;Yan, Shijia;Liang, Heng;Zhan, Siyue;Chen, Dongshi;Bu, Xianzhang;Liu, Peiqing;Chen, Ceshi;He, Weiling;Lu, Xiongbin;Wan, Guohui. And the article was included in Hepatology (Hoboken, NJ, United States) in 2021.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

Hypoxia is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic drug resistance through a myriad of cell activities in tumor and stroma cells. While targeting hypoxic TME is emerging as a promising strategy for treating solid tumors, preclin. development of this approach is lacking in the study of HCC. From a genome-wide CRISPR/CRISPR-associated 9 gene knockout screening, we identified aldolase A (ALDOA), a key enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, as an essential driver for HCC cell growth under hypoxia. Knockdown of ALDOA in HCC cells leads to lactate depletion and consequently inhibits tumor growth. Supplementation with lactate partly rescues the inhibitory effects mediated by ALDOA knockdown. Upon hypoxia, ALDOA is induced by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and fat mass and obesity-associated protein-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification through transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, resp. Anal. of The Cancer Genome Atlas shows that elevated levels of ALDOA are significantly correlated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC. In a screen of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs based on structured hierarchical virtual platforms, we identified the sulfamonomethoxine derivative compound 5 (cpd-5) as a potential inhibitor to target ALDOA, evidenced by the antitumor activity of cpd-5 in preclin. patient-derived xenograft models of HCC. Our work identifies ALDOA as an essential driver for HCC cell growth under hypoxia, and we demonstrate that inhibition of ALDOA in the hypoxic TME is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating HCC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Heteroaryl ethers by oxidative palladium catalysis of pyridotriazol-1-yloxy pyrimidines with arylboronic acids was written by Bardhan, Sujata;Wacharasindhu, Sumrit;Wan, Zhao-Kui;Mansour, Tarek S.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2009.COA of Formula: C10H7BrN2O This article mentions the following:

The oxidative palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of pyrimidines containing pyridotriazol-1-yloxy (OPt) as either a urea or an amide functional group with arylboronic acids in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ in DME containing 0.6-1.0% H₂O is described for the preparation of heteroaryl ethers. The bromo substitution in the case of 3-(5-bromo-pyrimidin-2-yloxy)-3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine could serve as a handle for further elaborations such as Suzuki coupling for attaching varied aryl groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-phenoxypyrimidine (cas: 257280-25-4COA of Formula: C10H7BrN2O).

5-Bromo-2-phenoxypyrimidine (cas: 257280-25-4) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.COA of Formula: C10H7BrN2O

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of pyrimidinylsulfamoyl azolylbenzamides was written by Butta, Ragavendra;Ummadi, Nagarjuna;Adivireddy, Padmaja;Venkatapuram, Padmavathi. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 2019.Recommanded Product: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

A variety of sulfonamide linked azolyl pyrimidines I [R = H, Cl, Br, Me, NO₂; X = O, S, NH] were prepared and studied for their antimicrobial activity. The chloro and nitro substituted thiazolyl pyrimidines I [R = Cl, NO₂; X = S] displayed potential antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. The chloro, bromo and nitro substituted imidazolyl pyrimidines I [R = Cl, Br, NO₂; X = NH] showed potential antifungal activity against A. niger. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Recommanded Product: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Recommanded Product: 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

A monoclinic polymorph of 4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2-ylamine was written by Fun, Hoong Kun;Goswami, Shyamaprosad;Jana, Subrata;Chantrapromma, Suchada. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Structure Reports Online in 2006.Application In Synthesis of 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine This article mentions the following:

In the title structure, C₁₆H₁₃N₃, there are 2 crystallog. independent mols. in the asym. unit. In 1 mol., the dihedral angle between the 2 Ph rings is 49.5(2)° and in the other, it is 54.1(2)°. In the crystal structure, symmetry-related mols. are linked into dimers via intermol. N-H…N H-bonds. In addition, C-H…π interactions help to stabilize the crystal structure. Crystal data: monoclinic, P2₁/c, a = 18.8775(6), b = 7.3316(2), c = 21.3634(7) Å, β = 123.413(2)°, Z = 8, d_c = 1.331 g/cm³, 2205 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I), 359 refined parameters, R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.088, wR(F²) = 0.294. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Application In Synthesis of 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Application In Synthesis of 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Clean synthesis and antibacterial activities of spiro[pyrimido[4,5-b]-quinoline-5,5′-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine]-pentaones was written by Ghahremanzadeh, Ramin;Azimi, Seyyedeh Cobra;Gholami, Nader;Bazgir, Ayoob. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 2008.Name: 6-Amino-3-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

A simple, clean and efficient method for the synthesis of spiro[pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-5,5′-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine]-pentaone derivatives by condensation reaction of 6-amino-uracils and isatins in aqueous media is reported. These products were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Amino-3-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 54030-56-7Name: 6-Amino-3-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one).

6-Amino-3-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 54030-56-7) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. Drugs having the pyrimidine motif have manifested to exhibit gratifying biological activity like anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities.Name: 6-Amino-3-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Discovery of Molidustat (BAY 85-3934): A Small-Molecule Oral HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase (HIF-PH) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Renal Anemia was written by Beck, Hartmut;Jeske, Mario;Thede, Kai;Stoll, Friederike;Flamme, Ingo;Akbaba, Metin;Ergueden, Jens-Kerim;Karig, Gunter;Keldenich, Joerg;Oehme, Felix;Militzer, Hans-Christian;Hartung, Ingo V.;Thuss, Uwe. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2018.Computed Properties of C8H10ClN3O This article mentions the following:

Small-mol. inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (HIF-PHs) are currently under clin. development as novel treatment options for chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated anemia. Inhibition of HIF-PH mimics hypoxia and leads to increased erythropoietin (EPO) expression and subsequently increased erythropoiesis. Herein the authors describe the discovery, synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and proposed binding mode of novel 2,4-diheteroaryl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-ones as orally bioavailable HIF-PH inhibitors for the treatment of anemia. High-throughput screening of the authors’ corporate compound library identified BAY-908 as a promising hit. The lead optimization program then resulted in the identification of molidustat (BAY 85-3934), a novel small-mol. oral HIF-PH inhibitor. Molidustat is currently being investigated in clin. phase III trials as molidustat sodium for the treatment of anemia in patients with CKD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (cas: 62968-37-0Computed Properties of C8H10ClN3O).

4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (cas: 62968-37-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Computed Properties of C8H10ClN3O

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

H₁-antihistaminic and antimuscarinic effects of 2- and 4-[benzyl-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amino]pyrimidine compounds was written by Maggiali, C.;Morini, Giovanni;Mossini, F.;Morini, Giuseppina;Barocelli, E.;Impicciatore, M.. And the article was included in Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica in 1988.Name: 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine This article mentions the following:

Fourteen 2- (I) and 4-[benzyl-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amino]pyrimdidines (II) (in both cases R, R¹ and R³ = OMe or H; R² = SMe, Cl, or H) were prepared In tests on the isolated guinea pig ileum, I were more potent than II as antihistaminics, but the only compound which was a pure H₁-antihistaminic was II (R = R¹ = OMe; R² = R³ = H), which had a potency similar to that of tonzylamine. In the same test system, the only compound to display a specific antimuscarinic activity (though of low potency) was II (R = R³ = H; R¹ = OMe; R² = Sme). Structure-activity relations are discussed in detail. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine (cas: 51421-99-9Name: 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine).

4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine (cas: 51421-99-9) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Name: 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia