Day: January 5, 2023

Detection of fluoroquinolone and sulfonamide residues in poultry eggs in Kunming city, southwest China was written by Wang, Rui;Zhang, Chen-Xi;Li, Zhuo-Yang;Zheng, Zhi-Yuan;Xiang, Yi;Liu, Yang;Zhao, Rong-Fang;Fang, Jing. And the article was included in Poultry Science in 2022.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

Antibiotic residues contained in poultry eggs pose threat to human health. However, the classes and concentrations of antibiotics in poultry egg in southwestern China is unknown due to insufficient monitoring and research. A total of 513 egg samples were collected from supermarkets and farm markets in Kunming city in 2020 and the levels of 7 antibiotics were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. The linear correlation coefficients were above 0.990 for all antibiotics tested. The limits of detection and limits of quantification in poultry eggs were 0.002 to 0.010 μg/g and 0.007 to 0.033 μg/g, resp. The average recoveries of the 7 analytes from poultry egg samples were 80.00 to 128.01%, with relative standard deviations of less than 13.97%. A total of 93 (18.13%) samples tested pos. for antibiotics, with the highest concentration being 2.48 μg/g. The concentration range of ofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfamethoxazole in poultry eggs was 0.01 to 0.37 μg/g, 0.06 to 0.48 μg/g, 0.05 to 0.29 μg/g, 0.03 to 0.16 μg/g, 0.06 to 1.00 μg/g, 0.05 to 0.37, and 0.07 to 2.48 μg/g, resp. Sulfamonomethoxine was detected from hen eggs with the highest concentration level at 1.00 μg/g. Sulfamethoxazole was detected with the highest concentration level from both duck and quail eggs, at 1.87 and 2.48 μg/g, resp. The antibiotic with the highest residue level in pheasant eggs was danofloxacin, which was 0.37 μg/g. Sulfamethoxypyridazine was identified in 30 samples with the highest pos. rate of 5.85%, sulfadimethoxine was identified in 3 samples with the lowest pos. rate of 0.58%. We observed that 7 targeted antibiotic residues in quail eggs and 3 targeted antibiotic residues in pheasant eggs. We also found that there were antibiotic residues in free-range hen eggs and the concentration was not low. The antibiotic with the highest residue level in free-range eggs was sulfamonomethoxine, which was 1.00 μg/g. These findings suggest that continual antibiotic residue monitoring of poultry eggs is essential in China. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Recommanded Product: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Syntheses with pyrimidine-lithium compounds. III. Bipyrimidines from 2,4-disubstituted 5-bromopyrimidines was written by Strekowski, Lucjan. And the article was included in Bulletin de l’Academie Polonaise des Sciences, Serie des Sciences Chimiques in 1976.HPLC of Formula: 59549-51-8 This article mentions the following:

The bipyrimidines I (R = Me2N, piperidino, and MeO, R1 = MeO; R = MeO, R1 = MeS) were prepared by treating II with BuLi in THF. II (R = R1 = Me3CO) with BuLi in THF gave I and the 4,4′-bipyridine derivatives, but in Et2O gave only I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidine (cas: 59549-51-8HPLC of Formula: 59549-51-8).

5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-(methylthio)pyrimidine (cas: 59549-51-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.HPLC of Formula: 59549-51-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Ab Initio EOM-CCSD Investigation of One-Bond C-C, N-C, and N-N Spin-Spin Coupling Constants in Fluoroazines was written by Del Bene, Janet E.;Alkorta, Ibon;Elguero, Jose. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry A in 2010.Synthetic Route of C4HF3N2 This article mentions the following:

Ab initio EOM-CCSD calculations were carried out to examine one-bond ¹J (C-C), ¹J(N-C), and ¹J(N-N) spin-spin coupling constants in benzene, pyridine, the diazines, and selected triazines, tetrazines, and pentazine and their fluoro-substituted derivatives Relative to benzene, ¹J(C-C) decreases in the azines as N atoms are introduced into the ring, but this decrease does not exceed 5 Hz. In the fluoro-substituted derivatives, ¹J(C-C) may increase only slightly if the coupled carbon atoms form C-H bonds, or increase dramatically if either or both of the coupled atoms participate in C-F bonds. The value of ¹J(C-C) also depends on the nature of the bonding of the coupled atoms in the ring. The largest increase is found when both carbons participate in C-F bonds, and both are ortho to N atoms. Relative to pyridine, ¹J(N-C) increases as N atoms are introduced into the ring, with the magnitude of the increase depending on the bonding of the coupled atoms. It is negligible if neither atom is bonded to another N, increases if one of the coupled atoms is bonded to another N atom, and increases further if both are bonded to other N atoms. Fluoro-substitution has an opposing effect on ¹J(N-C), making this coupling constant less pos. or neg. when the coupled C participates in a C-F bond. The decrease in ¹J(N-C) relative to the parent mol. is enhanced if either of the coupled atoms is bonded to another N atom or to another C-F group. A further enhancement occurs if both coupled atoms are so bonded, with the largest increases associated with the bonding scheme in which the coupled C is bonded to another N and the coupled N to another C-F. Fluoro-substitution has a small effect on ¹J(N-C) if the coupled C forms a C-H bond, and on ¹J(N-N). Thus, the effects of fluoro-substitution on one-bond couplings tend to be localized. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5,6-Trifluoropyrimidine (cas: 17573-78-3Synthetic Route of C4HF3N2).

4,5,6-Trifluoropyrimidine (cas: 17573-78-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Synthetic Route of C4HF3N2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Effects of chronic exposure of antibiotics on microbial community structure and functions in hyporheic zone sediments was written by Zhang, Lili;Zhang, Cheng;Lian, Keting;Liu, Chongxuan. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2021.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

Microbial communities in hyporheic zones (HZ) provide vital biogeochem. functions such as contaminant degradation for river ecosystems. Antibiotics are contaminants that have been increasingly detected in HZ sediments. In this study, sediments from different HZ locations in a contaminated river, Maozhou river, China were sampled and analyzed using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the effect of antibiotic contamination on microbial community structures and functions in HZ sediments. Results indicated that types and concentrations of antibiotics in HZ sediments were heterogeneously distributed that were largely consistent with the distribution of antibiotic sources. Sediments near animal farm and hospital contained higher antibiotic concentrations compared with those from mainstream. The distribution of ARGs was well correlated with antibiotics. Bacterial indicator genera indicating differences between mainstream area and other sampling areas were pos. correlated with antibiotics, suggesting the influences of antibiotics on reshaping microbial community structures. PICRUSt revealed pos. relationships between antibiotics and predicted functional genes involved in defense, signal transduction, and recombination and repair. This imply the defensive response of microbial communities on antibiotic attack. These results indicated that antibiotic contamination in the watershed posed a potential risk on HZ microbial community structures and functions, which may further threaten river ecosystem functions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In Vivo Phenotypic Screening for Treating Chronic Neuropathic Pain: Modification of C2-Arylethynyl Group of Conformationally Constrained A₃ Adenosine Receptor Agonists was written by Tosh, Dilip K.;Finley, Amanda;Paoletta, Silvia;Moss, Steven M.;Gao, Zhan-Guo;Gizewski, Elizabeth T.;Auchampach, John A.;Salvemini, Daniela;Jacobson, Kenneth A.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Synthetic Route of C6H4N2 This article mentions the following:

(N)-Methanocarba adenosine 5′-methyluronamides containing 2-arylethynyl groups were synthesized as A₃ adenosine receptor (AR) agonists and screened in vivo (po) for reduction of neuropathic pain. A small N⁶-Me group maintained binding affinity, with human > mouse A₃AR and MW < 500 and other favorable physicochem. properties. E_max (maximal efficacy in a mouse chronic constriction injury pain model) of previously characterized A₃AR agonist, 2-(3,4-difluorophenylethynyl)-N⁶-(3-chlorobenzyl) derivative 6a, MRS5698, was surpassed. More efficacious analogs (in vivo) contained the following C2-arylethynyl groups: pyrazin-2-yl 23 (binding K_i, hA₃AR, nM 1.8), fur-2-yl 27 (0.6), thien-2-yl 32 (0.6) and its 5-chloro 33, MRS5980 (0.7) and 5-bromo 34 (0.4) equivalent, and physiol. unstable ferrocene 36, MRS5979 (2.7). 33 and 36 displayed particularly long in vivo duration (>3 h). Selected analogs were docked to an A₃AR homol. model to explore the environment of receptor-bound C2 and N⁶ groups. Various analogs bound with μM affinity at off-target biogenic amine (M₂, 5HT_2A, β₃, 5HT_2B, 5HT_2C, and α_2C) or other receptors. Thus, we have expanded the structural range of orally active A₃AR agonists for chronic pain treatment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0Synthetic Route of C6H4N2).

2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Synthetic Route of C6H4N2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis of pyrimidines and thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines. III. N. M. R. spectrum of thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine was written by Benedek-Vamos, M.;Promel, R.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1969.Safety of 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

Condensation of H2NCH:NH and EtO2CC(NO2):CHOEt in EtOH-NaOEt gave 4-hydroxy-5-nitropyrimidine, m. 190-2°, which was reduced catalytically (Pd-C) to 5-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine, m. 206-8°. Subsequent treatment with P2S5 in boiling C5H5N gave a high yield of 5-amino-4-mercaptopyrimidine, m. 207° (decomposition), cyclized by refluxing in DCO2D 35 min. to yield 33% 2-deuteriothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (I). Oxidation of 7-hydrazinothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine with AgOAc in D2O yielded 21% 7-deuteriothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (II). I, II, and the parent compound thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (III) were examined in CDCl3 at 5.9% concentration and the chem. shifts for H-2, H-5, and H-7 tabulated. The proton in the 2-position is most shielded and that in the 7-position is assigned to the low field singlet. Going downfield, the correct order of chem. shifts is H-2, H-5, H-7. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 69785-94-0Safety of 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one).

5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 69785-94-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Safety of 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

MNDO (modified neglect of diatomic overlap) study of the nucleophilic substitution reactions of chloropyrimidines was written by Yukawa, Miho;Niiya, Tokihiro;Goto, Yoshinobu;Sakamoto, Takao;Yoshizawa, Hiroshi;Watanabe, Atsuko;Yamanaka, Hiroshi. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1989.Quality Control of 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine This article mentions the following:

In the case of the reaction of 2,4-dichloropyrimidines I (R = H, Cl, Me, Ph, MeO₂C) with MeO^–, the replacement reaction of Cl by Me occurs predominantly at the 4-position, whereas the substitution takes place mainly at the 2-position when R = MeO. The effect of the substituent at the 6-position on the reactivity of the chlorine atom of the chloropyrimidines was studied by using a semiempirical MO method (MNDO method). Hence, the reaction process from the reactants to the Meisenheimer-type complex plays an important role in determining the direction of the progress of the reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine (cas: 51421-99-9Quality Control of 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine).

4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine (cas: 51421-99-9) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Quality Control of 4-Chloro-2-methoxypyrimidine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On heterocycles, part 43. Polycyclic 2-alken-1-one-guanidine condensates was written by Wendelin, Winfried;Harler, Anton. And the article was included in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 1976.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

Guanidine was treated with 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one to give the dehydropyrimidine I, II (R = Ph), and 2,4,6,8-tetraphenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine (III). 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one with guanidine gave 7-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8,10,10a-octahydro-7,10a-methanopyrimido[4,5-d]diazocine-2,9(1H,3H)-diimine (IV) and II (R = Me). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Category: pyrimidines).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Copper-catalyzed three-component formal [3+1+2] annulations for the synthesis of 2-aminopyrimidines from O-acyl ketoximes was written by Xu, Zhenhua;Chen, Hongbiao;Deng, Guo-Jun;Huang, Huawen. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2021.SDS of cas: 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

A copper-based catalytic system has been developed to enable formal [3+1+2] annulations of ketoxime acetates, e.g., 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one O-acetyl oxime aldehydes, e.g., benzaldehyde and cyanamide. This protocol offers a new strategy for the synthesis of highly substituted 2-aminopyrimidine compounds e.g., I, and more importantly, pyrimidines have now been included in the N-heterocycle family constructed using O-acyl ketoximes as N-C-C synthons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8SDS of cas: 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.SDS of cas: 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis and Characterization of Verdazyl Radicals Bearing Pyridine or Pyrimidine Substituents: A New Family of Chelating Spin-Bearing Ligands was written by Barr, Christa L.;Chase, Preston A.;Hicks, Robin G.;Lemaire, Martin T.;Stevens, Cecilia L.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1999.SDS of cas: 16879-39-3 This article mentions the following:

The syntheses and characterization of two new 1,5-dimethyl-6-oxoverdazyl radicals bearing 2-pyridine and 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidine rings as substituents are described. The radical precursors, the corresponding 1,2,4,5-tetrazanes, were prepared by condensation of the bis(1-methylhydrazide) of carbonic acid with the appropriate aromatic aldehyde. Oxidation of 3-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazane 6-oxide with sodium periodate afforded 1,5-dimethyl-3-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidyl)-6-oxoverdazyl, which could be isolated and stored without decomposition In contrast, attempts to oxidize the analogous 3-(2-pyridyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazane 6-oxide with periodate produced 1,5-dimethyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-6-oxoverdazyl which could not be isolated. However, oxidation of this tetrazane with benzoquinone produced the pyridylverdazyl as a 1:1 complex with hydroquinone. This complex is indefinitely stable in the solid state and provides a means of long-term storage of the pyridylverdazyl. The electronic properties of both radicals have been characterized by EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and MNDO calculations The radicals have a wide electrochem. window of stability (>1.8 V), and the EPR and computational studies indicate a large spin d. residing on N2 and N4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (cas: 16879-39-3SDS of cas: 16879-39-3).

2-Bromo-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (cas: 16879-39-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.SDS of cas: 16879-39-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia