Month: January 2023

Selective mono-amination of dichlorodiazines was written by Sengmany, Stephane;Lebre, Julie;Le Gall, Erwan;Leonel, Eric. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2015.Safety of 4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine This article mentions the following:

3,6-Dichloropyridazine, 4,6-dichloropyrimidine, 2,4-dichloropyrimidine, and 3,5-dichloropyridazine underwent chemoselective monosubstitution reactions with amines using triethylamine as a base in ethanol at either ambient temperature or reflux to give monoamino monochloro pyridazines and pyrimidines. The methodol. is general and efficient despite noticeable differences in reactivity between diazines; while dichloropyridazine and dichloropyrazine require several hours of heating at reflux for the reaction to proceed, dichloropyrimidines reach completion within minutes at room temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (cas: 62968-37-0Safety of 4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine).

4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (cas: 62968-37-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.Safety of 4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Pyrimidines. XIII. 2- and 6-Substituted 4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acids was written by Daves, G. Doyle Jr.;O’Brien, Darrell E.;Lewis, Leland R.;Cheng, C. C.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1964.Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile This article mentions the following:

The abnormal behavior of 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinol towards HONO has been clarified. The reaction between 4-methyl-2-pyrimidinol and HONO has been utilized as a new synthetic procedure for the preparation of several 2-substituted 4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acids. 2-Hydroxy-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid has also been prepared from 4-chloro-2-methylthiopyrimidine via the trimethylammonium intermediate. 6-Amino-and 6-thio-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acids have been readily prepared from the previously reported 6-hydroxy-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile (cas: 75833-38-4Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile).

2-Chloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile (cas: 75833-38-4) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Application In Synthesis of 2-Chloropyrimidine-4-carbonitrile

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts on Humans Taking Antibiotics in China was written by Hu, Yu;Wei, Xianping;Zhu, Qingqing;Li, Lingxiangyu;Liao, Chunyang;Jiang, Guibin. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2022.Related Products of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the increased human consumption of medicines. Antibiotics are of great concern due to their adverse effects, such as increased bacterial resistance and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Nevertheless, very little is known about the changes in self-medication with antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant potential health risks. Herein, we examined the concentration profiles of some commonly used antibiotics in human urine collected from several geog. regions in China between 2020 and 2021. Antibiotics were found in 99.2% of the urine samples at concentrations ranging from not detected (nd) to 357 000 (median: 10.2) ng/mL. During the COVID-19 pandemic, concentrations of urinary antibiotics were remarkably higher than those found either before the pandemic or in the smooth period of the pandemic. Moreover, elevated levels of antibiotics were determined in urine samples from the regions with more confirmed cases. The exposure assessment showed that hazard index values >1 were determined in 35.2% of people. These findings show that human exposure to antibiotics increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and further research is imperative to identify the public health risks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Related Products of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. Drugs having the pyrimidine motif have manifested to exhibit gratifying biological activity like anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities.Related Products of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Protonation constants of 2-amino-pyrimidine derivatives was written by Al-Hajjar, F.;Dagga, F. Abu;Hameed, Z.. And the article was included in Annual Research Report – Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research in 1977.Electric Literature of C16H13N3 This article mentions the following:

The basicity constants of I (R = H, 4-Me, 4-Cl, 3-Br, 4-MeO, 4-NO₂, 3-NO₂) and II were correlated linearly with Hammett σ constants I (R = 4-NO₂, 3-NO₂) were most basic; I (R = 4-MeO) was least basic. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Electric Literature of C16H13N3).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Electric Literature of C16H13N3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

An exhaustive investigation on antibiotics contamination from livestock farms within sensitive reservoir water area: Spatial density, source apportionment and risk assessment was written by Zhang, Keqiang;Ruan, Rong;Zhang, Zulin;Zhi, Suli. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Computed Properties of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

Although the studies on antibiotic contamination are common at present, large-scale sampling studies drawing highly representative conclusions are still scarce. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on a total of 1183 samples from 70 livestock farms within a sensitive area around reservoir waters. 45 types of antibiotics belonging to 5 different classes were monitored. This is the first anal. to comprehensively investigate the d. distribution, source apportionment, ecol. and health risk of antibiotics in an entire area of sensitive waters. The results showed that the layer manure samples had highest detection rate of antibiotics (0.0 %-96.1 %, average value = 30.7 %) followed by pig manure samples. Oxytetracycline had the highest concentration of 712.16 mg/kg in a pig manure sample. Different from using antibiotic concentration as a proxy for pollution level, the spatial d. was calculated by averaging antibiotic concentration to area and converting different livestock to pig equivalent The spatial d. of pig equivalent can more realistically reflect the pollution caused by different breeds of livestocks. It was shown that the pig farms contributed higher to total antibiotic d. than the layer and cattle farms did. After assessed, a few antibiotics (oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline and tetracycline) have posed high ecol. risks to soil around the farms. However, none of them caused hazard quotient (HQ) risk and carcinogenic risk (CR) to human health in the water of reservoir. Children were more likely to be at hazard risk than adults. Antibiotic mass fluctuation rules were analyzed along the chain (feed �livestock waste �soil �surface water). Feed, livestock waste and soil had similar diversity, but the antibiotic concentrations continued to decline, implying the possible sources of antibiotic residues were similar. Thus, it is important to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use to prevent the potential long-term risk of antibiotics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Computed Properties of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. Drugs having the pyrimidine motif have manifested to exhibit gratifying biological activity like anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities.Computed Properties of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Predicting mass loadings of sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and lincomycin discharged into surface waters in Japanese river catchments was written by Hanamoto, Seiya;Yamamoto-Ikemoto, Ryoko;Tanaka, Hiroaki. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.Related Products of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

Japanese strategies for the management of livestock waste suggest effluent discharge from livestock farms as major pathways of entry of veterinary antibiotics into surface waters. To aid control of their sources, we developed a model for predicting annual loads of antibiotics discharged into surface waters as effluent from livestock farms, sewage treatment plants, and households, using population, usage, excretion, removal, and fraction of livestock waste treated as wastewater. To verify the model, we monitored three antibiotics which are much used for livestock in Japan and are stable during river transport-i.e., sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and lincomycin (LCM)-over one year in the Oyodo River, which has the most active swine farming area in Japan in its catchment. Concentrations and mass flows of SMM and SMX showed a sharp peak in winter, and those of LCM were also higher in winter than in summer in the river. Annual mass flows observed in the river and reported in three other Japanese rivers were within a range of 1/2 to 2 times the model estimates Effluent from swine farms contributed largely to mass flows of SMM and LCM in the rivers, while human wastewater from sewage treatment plants and households contributed partly to substantially to those of SMX. Estimated contributions of surface runoff from agricultural land to the annual mass flows in the rivers were < 1%, in agreement with the prediction made by limiting sources to effluent. Although other locations and antibiotics should be studied in the future, this first attempt at modeling the load of veterinary antibiotics discharged from livestock farms provides a new perspective on how to reduce movement of these compounds into surface waters in catchments where wastewater treatment is or could be used in managing livestock waste. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Related Products of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Related Products of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Antibiotics in the surface water of Shanghai, China: screening, distribution, and indicator selecting was written by Zhu, Feng;Wang, Siqi;Liu, Yujie;Wu, Minghong;Wang, Hongyong;Xu, Gang. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2021.Related Products of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

The widespread existence of antibiotics has caused inevitable influence on ecol. and humans. In this study, we screened the most commonly used antibiotics, and 64 antibiotics were detected in Shanghai, an international metropolis. Most of the target substances were detected in all 46 water samples including main rivers and districts in Shanghai, with concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 502.43 ng L^-1. In particular, sulfadiazine (502.43 ng L^-1) had the highest maximum concentration Besides, risk quotients based on fish suggested that sulfonamides had a medium risk (0.12) in Shanghai. Correlation studies had shown that most compounds with frequencies exceeding 60% were significantly pos. correlated with the total concentration Based on further anal., sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfapyridine were screened as indicators to reflect the pollution status of antibiotics in Shanghai for a long time. The screening conditions for these indicators include detection rate (> 60%), maximum concentration (> 100 ng L^-1), RQ (> 0.01), and correlation (> 0). In addition, population d. may be the main factor for antibiotic pollution through regional comparison. In a word, this work can systematically reflect the overall situation of Shanghai antibiotics and provide support for global data comparison in the future. Meanwhile, we provided the potential indicators that can be applied in the long term and economical monitoring of antibiotics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Related Products of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Related Products of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Microbiological inhibition-based method for screening and identifying of antibiotic residues in milk, chicken egg and honey was written by Wu, Qin;Shabbir, Muhammad Abu Bakr;Peng, Dapeng;Yuan, Zonghui;Wang, Yulian. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2021.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

This present study was designed to develop a novel microbiol. inhibition-based method for the rapid screening and identification of antibiotic residues in milk, chicken egg and honey. Geobacillus stearothermophilus C953 was used as test bacterium in the detection system of this study. The optimization of nutrients and other supplements were performed to promote the growth of test bacterium and thus shorten the detection time. Furthermore, the synergetic agents were added to improve the sensitivity of test bacterium to more antibiotics. Addnl., confirmatory solutions such as β-lactamase, p-aminobenzoic acid, MgSO4 and cysteine were added to classify and identify different kinds of antibiotics. We observed that the LOD of this detection system was at or close to maximum residue limits established by EU for β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides and quinolones in milk. The LOD of different kinds of antibiotics in chicken egg was less than or similar to the MRL and the LOD of Premitest (except sulfonamides). For honey, there are no MRL, the LOD was less than or similar to the recommended concentration and the LOD of Premitest. Noteworthy, the detection system also can identify these six kinds of antibiotics in milk, chicken egg and honey, and there were satisfactory results of specificity experiments and confirmation experiments by LC-MS/MS. Accordingly, the present study provides a reliable preliminary characterization of antibiotic residues in animal foods and improves the detection efficiency for the following chem. confirmation experiments by HPLC, LC-MS/MS, immunol. and receptor-based tests. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Proton and carbon-13 NMR study of substituted pyrimidines. I. Substituent effects in methylated and aminated derivatives was written by Riand, J.;Chenon, M. T.;Lumbroso-Bader, N.. And the article was included in Organic Magnetic Resonance in 1977.Reference of 1193-74-4 This article mentions the following:

Substituent effects of Me and NH₂ groups on the chem. shifts of pyrimidine were studied by ¹H and ¹³C NMR and compared with data obtained for C₆H₆ and pyridine. Chem. shifts calculated by the additivity relation agree with exptl. values except for hindered pyrimidines. The ¹³C NMR spectra of some trisubstituted pyrimidines were assigned. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 1193-74-4Reference of 1193-74-4).

4,5-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 1193-74-4) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Reference of 1193-74-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

4-Amino-2-methylthio-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine and its 1-methyl derivative and 4-amino-2-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine and its 5-nitroso derivative was written by Low, John N.;Scrimgeour, Sheelagh N.;Egglishaw, Clare;Howie, R. Alan;Moreno-Carretero, Miguel N.;Hueso-Urena, Francisco. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section C: Crystal Structure Communications in 1994.COA of Formula: C6H9N3OS This article mentions the following:

The structures of 4-amino-2-methylthio-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine trihydrate (triclinic, space group P1̅), 4-amino-1-methyl-2-methylthio-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine (monoclinic, space group P2₁/c), 4-amino-2-methoxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine (monoclinic, space group P2₁/n) and 4-amino-2-methoxy-1-methyl-5-nitroso-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine monohydrate (triclinic, space group P1̅) show that, as has been reported for analogous compounds, there is extensive electron delocalization in the pyrimidine rings of all 4 compounds At. coordinates are given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Amino-3-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 54030-56-7COA of Formula: C6H9N3OS).

6-Amino-3-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 54030-56-7) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.COA of Formula: C6H9N3OS

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia