Day: February 3, 2023

Coupling of Heteroaryl Halides with Chlorodifluoroacetamides and Chlorodifluoroacetate by Nickel Catalysis was written by Zhang, Dawei;Gao, Xing;Min, Qiao-Qiao;Gu, Yucheng;Berthon, Guillaume;Zhang, Xingang. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2022.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

A nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of heteroaryl halides with chlorodifluoroacetamides and chlorodifluoroacetate was developed. The combination of NiCl₂ DME with 4,4′-diNon-bpy, co-ligand PPh₃, and additive LiCl renders the catalytic system efficient for the synthesis of medicinal interest heteroaryldifluoroacetamides. The application of the method leads to short and highly efficient synthesis of biol. active mols., providing a facile route for applications in medicinal chem. and agrochem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Bromo-2-phenoxypyrimidine (cas: 257280-25-4Category: pyrimidines).

5-Bromo-2-phenoxypyrimidine (cas: 257280-25-4) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine derivatives can easily interact with enzymes, genetic materials, and bio components within the cell. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Pollution characteristics of livestock faeces and the key driver of the spread of antibiotic resistance genes was written by Yue, Zhengfu;Zhang, Jing;Zhou, Zhigao;Ding, Changfeng;Wan, Liping;Liu, Jia;Chen, Liumeng;Wang, Xingxiang. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2021.Product Details of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock and poultry feces has attracted considerable amounts of attention. However, in the actual breeding environment, the key driver of the spread of ARGs and which bacteria are involved remain unclear. This study investigated 19 antibiotics and 4 heavy metals in 147 animal feces. The results showed that piglet feces exhibited the highest levels of antibiotics and heavy metals. Twelve ARGs, 4 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities of piglet feces from 6 pig farms were further assessed to determine the key driver and relevant mechanism of the spread of ARGs. Sulfonamides (SAs) explained 36.5% of the variance (P < 0.05) of the bacterial community and were significantly related to 8 genes (P < 0.01), indicating that SAs dominated the spread of ARGs and should be tightly supervised. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that SAs increased the abundance of ARGs via two pathways: horizontal transfer of ARGs (involving 10 genera) and vertical transfer of ARGs (involving 26 genera). These results improve our understanding of the potential hosts involved in the spread of ARGs, suggesting that monitoring of the above potential hosts is also important in animal feeding practice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Product Details of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Drugs having the pyrimidine motif have manifested to exhibit gratifying biological activity like anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities.Product Details of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Syntheses of pyrimidines and thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines was written by Marchal, L.;Promel, R.;Martin, R. H.;Cardon, A.. And the article was included in Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges in 1960.Recommanded Product: 69785-94-0 This article mentions the following:

A series of thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines substituted in the 7 position were prepared from 7-chlorothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (I). Preliminary to the synthesis of I, 5-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine (II) was prepared by the method of Hull (cf. CA 46, 987d) in increased yield (78% instead of 40%) by effecting condensation in the presence of 3 equivalents of NaOEt. To 1 g. 5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (III) prepared from II by the known route (cf. CA 49, 10308f) and dissolved in 20 ml. MeOH was added 0.805 g. NaSH in 10 ml. MeOH and the mixture refluxed 0.5 hr. The product, 5-amino-4-chloro-6-mercaptopyrimidine (IV), decomposing 190-220°, 88% yield, was characterized by methylation in alk. solution with MeI to give 5-amino-4-chloro-6-methylthiopyrimidine (V), m. 94.5-96° after sublimation at 80°/0.2 mm. Reaction of thiourea instead of NaSH with III led not to IV but to the disubstituted product 5-amino-4,6-dimercaptopyrimidine, m. above 330°. Heating 2 g. of IV in 28 ml. HC(OEt)₃ at reflux gave 81% I, m. 152-4° (corrected) after sublimation at 110°/0.1 mm. From I was prepared a series of 7-X-substituted-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines (X, m.p., and % yield given): furfurylamino, 93.5-95°, 65; benzylamino, 129-30°, 59%; hydrazino, decompose 200-60°, 71; methoxy, 164-6°, 90.5; hydroxy, above 300°, 83; mercapto, 330°, 94.5. Attempted preparation of 7-aminothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine by reaction of I with ammonia in aqueous or alc. solution gave an unidentified product. Also, dehalogenation of I using Pd-C or Raney Ni failed to give thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine (VI). As the first step in another route to synthesize VI, desulfurization of V with Raney Ni gave not the expected product but 5-aminopyrimidine (VII). Desulfurization of 0.5 g. IV by heating an aqueous ammoniacal solution with 3 g. Raney Ni 15 min. gave a mixture of VII, m. 166-9°, and 5-amino-4-chloropyrimidine, decomposing 110° after sublimation (VIII), separated by chromatography on alumina. IV (1 g.) in 20 ml. MeOH was added to a stirred solution of NaOMe (from 0.14 g. of Na in 3.5 ml. of MeOH) at room temperature Stirring was continued 12 hrs. On workup was obtained 95% 5-amino-4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidine (IX), m. 79-80° after sublimation at 60°/0.005 mm. Dehalogenation of 0.49 g. IX in 0.43 ml. Et₃N and 20 ml. MeOH with 0.3 g. of 5% Pd-C at ambient temperature gave 83% 5-amino-4-methoxypyrimidine (X), m. 61-3° (corrected). Hydrolysis of X with concentrated HCl at reflux temperature for 0.5 hr. gave 70% 5-amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine (XI), m. 206-8° after sublimation. Attempted transformation of XI to VIII with POCl₃ was unsuccessful. 4-Chloro-6-mercaptopyrimidine (0.48 g.), prepared by reaction of 1 g. 4,6-dichloropyrimidine with 0.37 g. NaSH in 5 ml. of MeOH at room temperature 15 hrs., was treated with MeI in basic solution to give 36% 4-chloro-6-methylthiopyrimidine, m. 50-1° after sublimation. I and 7-furfurylaminothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine were inactive against five exptl. tumors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 69785-94-0Recommanded Product: 69785-94-0).

5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 69785-94-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Recommanded Product: 69785-94-0

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis and characterization of antitubercular triazine-chalcone hybrid molecules was written by Rawat, Aman;Kaur, Atinder;Surjit;Kaur, Harpreet. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Chemistry in 2017.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

A series of 1,3,5-triazine-chalcone hybrid mols. I [R = H, MeO, C₆H₅-CH₂-O, etc.], II [R = H, CN, Cl, etc.] and III [R = H, MeO, Cl, etc.] were synthesized and evaluated in-vitro for Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv inhibitory potency using Alamar blue assay and the activity expressed as the min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) in μg/mL. The antitubercular activity screening data revealed that di-Ph propen-2-one and compound II [R = H] demonstrated comparatively the most potent inhibitory activity, with MIC value 1.6 μg/mL. Most of the compounds I, II and III displayed significantly promising activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Category: pyrimidines).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Propranolol Activates the Orphan Nuclear Receptor TLX to Counteract Proliferation and Migration of Glioblastoma Cells was written by Faudone, Giuseppe;Bischoff-Kont, Iris;Rachor, Lea;Willems, Sabine;Zhubi, Rezart;Kaiser, Astrid;Chaikuad, Apirat;Knapp, Stefan;Fuerst, Robert;Heering, Jan;Merk, Daniel. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Category: pyrimidines This article mentions the following:

The ligand-sensing transcription factor tailless homolog (TLX, NR2E1) is an essential regulator of neuronal stem cell homeostasis with appealing therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system tumors. However, knowledge on TLX ligands is scarce, providing an obstacle to target validation and medicinal chem. To discover TLX ligands, we have profiled a drug fragment collection for TLX modulation and identified several structurally diverse agonists and inverse agonists of the nuclear receptor. Propranolol evolved as the strongest TLX agonist and promoted TLX-regulated gene expression in human glioblastoma cells. Structure-activity relationship elucidation of propranolol as a TLX ligand yielded a structurally related neg. control compound In functional cellular experiments, we observed an ability of propranolol to counteract glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration, while the neg. control had no effect. Our results provide a collection of TLX modulators as initial chem. tools and set of lead compounds and support therapeutic potential of TLX modulation in glioblastoma. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Category: pyrimidines).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Category: pyrimidines

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis of functionalized arylpyridines and -pyrimidines by domino [4+2]/retro [4+2] cycloadditions of electron-rich dienes with alkynylpyridines and -pyrimidines was written by Abid, Obaid-ur-Rahman;Nawaz, Muhammad;Ibad, Muhammad Farooq;Khera, Rasheed Ahmad;Iaroshenko, Viktor;Langer, Peter. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2011.Related Products of 37972-24-0 This article mentions the following:

Aryl-substituted pyridines and pyrimidines were prepared by [4 + 2] cycloadditions of alkynyl-substituted pyridines and pyrimidines with electron-rich dienes. The reactions proceed by formation of a bridged cycloadduct and subsequent thermal extrusion of ethylene. The pyridine moiety plays a crucial role for the success of the reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0Related Products of 37972-24-0).

2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Related Products of 37972-24-0

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Antibiotics biomonitored in urine and obesogenic risk in a community-dwelling elderly population was written by Sang, Yanru;Zhang, Jingjing;Liu, Kaiyong;Wang, Qunan;Wang, Sufang;Sheng, Jie;Wang, Li;Zhang, Dongmei;Li, Xiude;Cao, Hongjuan;Liu, Annuo;Tao, Fangbiao. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2021.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

Exptl. and epidemiol. studies have linked antibiotics use to gut dysbiosis-mediated risk of chronic metabolic diseases. However, whether adiposity is linked to antibiotic exposure in elderly remains inadequately understood. To investigate the association between internal exposure of antibiotics and adiposity in elderly by using a biomonitoring method. We included 990 participants (≥ 60 years) from the baseline survey of the Cohort of Elderly Health and Environment Controllable Factors in Lu’an city, China, from June to Sept. 2016. Forty-five antibiotics and two metabolites in urine were monitored through liquid chromatog.-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations were used to assess antibiotic exposure levels. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BFP) were used as indicators of adiposity. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association of antibiotic concentrations with obesity-related indexes. Subsequently, a gender-stratified anal. was performed. Of the included elderly, 50.7% were defined as having overweight/obesity, 59.8% as having central preobesity/obesity, and 37.5% as having slightly high/high BFP. Linear regression anal. revealed that a 1-unit increase in the logarithmic transformation of norfoxacin concentrations was related with an increase of 0.29 kg/ m² (95% CI: 0.02-0.04), 0.99 cm (95% CI: 0.24-1.75), and 0.69% (95% CI: 0.21-1.17) in BMI, WC, and BFP, resp. Compared with the control group, exposure to doxycycline (tertile 2: odds ratio, 2.06 [95% CI: 1.12-3.76]) and norfloxacin (tertile 2: 2.13 [1.05-4.29]; tertile 3: 2.07 [1.03-4.17]) had BMI-based overweight/obesity risk. Addnl., ciprofloxacin (tertile 2: 2.06 [1.12-3.76]), norfloxacin (tertile 3: 2.95 [1.34-6.49]), and florfenicol (tertile 3:1.84 [1.07-3.14]) were related to WC-based central preobesity/obesity risk. Norfoxacin (tertile 3: 2.54 [1.23-5.24]) was pos. associated with a slightly high/high BFP risk. Gender-stratified anal. demonstrated an increased adiposity risk in women compared with men. Our research provided an evidence that exposure to specific types of antibiotics (tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones) probably from the food chain contributed to obesity in elderly. Prospective cohort studies with larger sample size are warranted to explore the causation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

An Automated Continuous-Flow Platform for the Estimation of Multistep Reaction Kinetics was written by Reizman, Brandon J.;Jensen, Klavs F.. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2012.HPLC of Formula: 62968-37-0 This article mentions the following:

Automated continuous flow systems coupled with online anal. and feedback have been previously demonstrated to model and optimize chem. syntheses with little a priori reaction information. However, these methods have yet to address the challenge of modeling and optimizing for product yield or selectivity in a multistep reaction network, where low selectivity toward desired product formation can be encountered. Here we demonstrate an automated system capable of rapidly estimating accurate kinetic parameters for a given reaction network using maximum likelihood estimation and a D-optimal design of experiments The network studied is the series-parallel nucleophilic aromatic substitution of morpholine onto 2,4-dichloropyrimidine. To improve the precision of the estimated parameters, we demonstrate the use of the automated platform first in optimization of the yield of the less kinetically favorable 2-substituted product. Then, upon isolation of the intermediates, we use the automated system with maximum a posteriori estimation to minimize uncertainties in the network parameters. From considering the steps of the reaction network in isolation, the kinetic parameter uncertainties are reduced by 50%, with less than 5 g of the dichloropyrimidine substrate consumed over all experiments We conclude that isolating pathways in the multistep reaction network is important to minimizing uncertainty for low sensitivity rate parameters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (cas: 62968-37-0HPLC of Formula: 62968-37-0).

4-(2-Chloropyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine (cas: 62968-37-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.HPLC of Formula: 62968-37-0

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2′-methyl-2′-fluoro-6-methyl-7-alkynyl-7-deazapurine nucleoside analogs as anti-Zika virus agents was written by Yao, Guoqiang;Yu, Jianchen;Lin, Cai;Zhu, Yujia;Duan, Anna;Li, Mengfeng;Yuan, Jie;Zhang, Jiancun. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 37972-24-0 This article mentions the following:

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and outbreaks of ZIKV have been reported in Africa, Americas and other parts of the world lately. The ZIKV epidemic has received extensive attention due to its ability to cause serious medical consequences and complications such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome in recent years. Up to now, there are no specific treatments or vaccines available for ZIKV infection, which highlights the urgent need for developing new therapies. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of novel 6-methyl-7-acetylenenyl-7-deazapurine nucleoside analogs as potential inhibitors of ZIKV replication. The biol. activities against ZIKV replication were evaluated and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was also studied. Among the compounds evaluated, nucleoside analog 38 (EC50 = 2.8 ± 0.8 μM, EC90 = 6.8 ± 2.3 μM) showed the most potent anti-ZIKV activity with low cytotoxicity (CC50 = 54.1 ± 6.9 μM) in an A549 based cellular model. The inhibitory activity of 38 was about 5 times more potent than the pos. control NITD008. Notably, 38 showed similar inhibition potency against different ZIKV strains (ZG-01 and MR766) in a variety of host cell types including SNB19, A549, Huh7, Vero. In addition, 38 (Kd = 1.87 μM) has a stronger affinity to ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein than NITD008 (Kd = 3.43 μM) in the non-phosphorylation assay. These results indicated that compound 38 may serve as a promising candidate in future anti-ZIKV drug discovery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0HPLC of Formula: 37972-24-0).

2-Ethynylpyrimidine (cas: 37972-24-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.HPLC of Formula: 37972-24-0

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Nonpeptidic inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. 5. Design, synthesis, and x-ray crystallography of a series of orally active 5-aminopyrimidin-6-one-containing trifluoromethyl ketones was written by Veale, Chris A.;Bernstein, Peter R.;Bryant, Craig;Ceccarelli, Christopher;Damewood, James R. Jr.;Earley, Roger;Feeney, Scott W.;Gomes, Bruce;Kosmider, Ben J.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1995.Name: 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

The effects of changes in substitution in a series of 5-amino-2-pyrimidin-6-ones on both in vitro elastase-inhibitory activity and oral activity in an acute hemorrhagic assay were explored. These compounds contained either a trifluoromethyl ketone or a boronic acid moiety to bind covalently to the serine-195 OH group of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). Boronic acid-containing inhibitors were more potent than the corresponding trifluoromethyl ketones in vitro but were less active upon oral administration. One compound (I; R¹ = H; Ar = 4-fluorophenyl; R² = trifluoromethyl ketone) offered the best combination of oral potency, duration of action, and enzyme selectivity and, as such, was selected for further biol. testing. X-ray crystallog. of a cocrystd. complex of another compound (I; R¹ = CH₃SO₂; Ar = 4-aminophenyl; R² = trifluoromethyl ketone) and porcine pancreatic elastase demonstrated that the inhibitor is bound to the enzyme in a manner similar to that found previously for a closely related series of pyridone-containing inhibitors of HLE. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 69785-94-0Name: 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one).

5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one (cas: 69785-94-0) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Name: 5-Aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia