The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Photo-Thermo-Dual Catalysis of Levulinic Acid and Levulinate Ester to γ-Valerolactone》. Authors are Bunrit, Anon; Butburee, Teera; Liu, Meijiang; Huang, Zhipeng; Meeporn, Keerati; Phawa, Chaiyasit; Zhang, Jian; Kuboon, Sanchai; Liu, Huifang; Faungnawakij, Kajornsak; Wang, Feng.The article about the compound:5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-onecas:591-12-8,SMILESS:O=C1OC(C)=CC1).Product Details of 591-12-8. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:591-12-8) is conveyed.
Herein, we developed photo-thermo-dual catalytic strategies for the production of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from levulinic acid (LA) and its ester using platinum-loaded TiO2 as a dual-functional catalyst. Both catalytic systems were evaluated under mild reaction conditions. In the photocatalysis system, a base plays crucial roles in the conversion of LA and EL to GVL. The control experiments reveal that plausible mechanistic pathways of both systems proceed via the hydrogenation of the ketone group of LA to the corresponding alc. as a major intermediate followed by a subsequent cyclization step to GVL. This dual-functional catalyst provides alternative strategies for the conversion of LA and its ester into GVL, which could pave the way for biomass utilization in a more effective and practical manner.
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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia