Category: 591-12-8

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one(SMILESS: O=C1OC(C)=CC1,cas:591-12-8) is researched.COA of Formula: C8H12ClNO2. The article 《Trimetallic Cu-Ni-Zn/H-ZSM-5 Catalyst for the One-Pot Conversion of Levulinic Acid to High-Yield 1,4-Pentanediol under Mild Conditions in an Aqueous Medium》 in relation to this compound, is published in ACS Catalysis. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:591-12-8).

The one-pot direct conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO) was investigated over a trimetallic Zn-promoted Cu-Ni alloy on a H-ZSM-5 (Cu-Ni-Zn/H-ZSM-5) catalyst. Under mild reaction conditions at 130°C and a H2 pressure of 2.5 MPa for 6 h in an aqueous medium, almost complete conversion of LA to high-yield 1,4-PDO (93.4%) was achieved. The presence of the Zn promoter effectively suppressed the growth of the Cu-Ni alloy nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of H-ZSM-5. Consequently, the reducibility of the Cu-Ni-Zn alloy was much higher than that of the Cu-Ni alloy. The numerous Lewis acid sites of the Cu-Ni-Zn/H-ZSM-5 catalyst enhanced the adsorption of LA, and the adsorbed LA was converted to γ-valerolactone (GVL) at the Bronsted acid sites of H-ZSM-5 followed by hydrogenation at the Cu-Ni alloy sites. Subsequently, the readsorption of GVL was activated at the Lewis acid sites and GVL underwent ring opening, followed by hydrogenation to form 1,4-PDO at the Cu-Ni alloy sites. The H2 spillover on the Zn-promoted Cu-Ni alloy NPs enhanced the hydrogenation of LA to 1,4-PDO. Because of the mild reaction conditions, the formation of coke and active site sintering was highly suppressed. In addition, metal leaching did not occur over the trimetallic Cu-Ni-Zn/H-ZSM-5 catalyst. Consequently, the Cu-Ni-Zn/H-ZSM-5 catalyst could be used for up to five cycles with minimal activity loss.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthetic Route of C5H6O2. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Study on the effect of dual solvent proportions on composition of Rosa x damascena concrete oil obtained using soxhlet extraction method. Author is Sofiya, K.; Kumar, G. Bharath.

Concrete oil was extracted from Rosa x damascena using different percentage ratios of solvents (petroleum ether and ethanol) by the Soxhlet extraction method. The extraction was carried out using petroleum ether and ethanol in five different percentage ratios of (volume/volume) (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) (petroleum ether:ethanol). The rotary vacuum evaporator was used to sep. concrete oil and the solvents. The extracted concrete oil was analyzed using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The obtained results show that many new compounds were identified, at two different solvents and its ratios. Phenylethyl alc. in the percentages of (61.71%), (10.07%) and (25.92%) was obtained as a major compound with the solvent percentages of (100:0), (50:50) and (75:25) (PE:E), resp. Hexacosane (37.2%) was identified as a major compound when pure ethanol is used as a solvent. The highest number of components were identified (totally 93 components) when an equal percentage (50:50) of petroleum ether and ethanol were mixed. The usual monoterpenes components, e.g. geraniol, nerol, citronellol and linalool, were not found in the present extraction study. This study concludes that the compositions of concrete oil were mainly influenced by the type of solvents and its ratios used for the extraction

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 591-12-8, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, about Understanding the Origin of Maleic Anhydride Selectivity during the Oxidative Scission of Levulinic Acid, the main research direction is levulinic acid oxidative scission selectivity maleic anhydride.Name: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one.

Biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) is a green platform chem., and we have previously reported an oxidative scission pathway that selectively transforms it into maleic anhydride (MA). This reaction is curious because it requires oxidative scission of the terminal (methyl) carbon in levulinic acid, whereas gas-phase Me ketone oxidations are typically selective toward internal (alkyl) bond scission. In order to probe the origin of this disparity, we consider trends observed during the oxidative scission of ketones, keto acids, and keto acid analogs, and we highlight influences of steric hindrances, α-carbon substitution, and the presence of a secondary carboxylic acid functionality. We further consider the role of cyclic intermediates, namely Angelica lactones, in mediating selectivity during the oxidative scission of levulinic acid. Our kinetic anal. is supported by FTIR spectroscopy, which reveals the formation of hydrogen-deficient surface intermediates prior to the onset of oxidative scission. Finally, we pair short-contact-time selectivity anal. with GCMS and NMR spectroscopy to identify a previously undisclosed reaction intermediate-protoanemonin-that forms during the oxidative scission of levulinic acid and α-Angelica lactone. We conclude that facile oxidative dehydrogenation of β-Angelica lactone to form protoanemonin is the major driving force for the high selectivity toward Me scission during levulinic acid oxidation We also note that protoanemonin is an intriguing polyfunctional mol. that appears well-suited to bio-based production, and we have observed that it can be synthesized in yields from 55% to 75% (albeit at low concentration presently) during periods of transient reactor operation.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthetic Route of C5H6O2. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Enhanced activity of Ru-Ir nanoparticles over SiC for hydrogenation of levulinic acid at room-temperature. Author is Wang, Jingru; Zhu, Shanhui; Wang, Yunwei; Wang, Yingyong; Jin, Guoqiang; Tong, Xili; Guo, Xiangyun.

The hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) under mild condition is a promising but challenging process. Herein, SiC supported Ru-Ir bimetallic catalyst exhibit enhanced catalytic activity for aqueous hydrogenation of LA into GVL under mild conditions. Comparing with monometallic Ir3/SiC and Ru3/SiC, the conversion of LA over bimetallic Ru0.5-Ir2.5/SiC catalyst increase from 51.2% and 45.9% to 100% at 25°C and 0.2 MPa of H2 pressure. The enhanced catalytic activity of Ru0.5-Ir2.5/SiC catalyst originates from the electronic synergistic effect among Ru, Ir and SiC. Due to the electron transfer, electron-richened Ir nanoparticles show stronger ability for H2 dissociation, and the SiC surface produces more active sites to accommodate hydrogen species that spill over from Ir and Ru. The adsorption and hydrogenation of LA mols. occur on the surface of SiC.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Highly Efficient Synthesis of Alkyl Levulinates from α-Angelica Lactone, Catalyzed with Lewis Acidic Trifloaluminate Ionic Liquids Supported on Carbon Nanotubes.Category: pyrimidines.

Levulinic acid esters (LAEs) were synthesized from α-angelica lactone and alcs., in a reaction catalyzed by a new family of chloride-free Lewis acidic ionic liquids, containing trifloaluminate anions, [Al(OTf)3+n]n-. Changing the catalyst from poorly soluble Al(OTf)3 (used as suspension) to fully homogeneous trifloaluminate ionic liquids resulted in shorter reaction times required for full α-AL conversion (60 min at 60 °C for 0.1 mol % catalyst loading) and unprecedented selectivities to LAEs, reaching >99%. Supporting the trifloaluminate ionic liquid on multiwalled carbon nanotubes gave an easily recyclable system, with no leaching observed over six cycles. Mechanistic considerations suggest that the propensity of Al(OTf)3 to undergo very slow hydrolysis results in the correct balance of Bronsted and Lewis acidic sites in the system, which inhibit byproduct formation.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Furfural hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation and etherification over MoO2 and MoO3: A combined experimental and theoretical study.Recommanded Product: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one.

Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass, particularly catalytic hydrotreatment of hemicellulose-based furfural (FUR), has been studied for the production of value-added chems. A three-phase batch reactor has been used for hydrotreatment in isopropanol over various com. available unsupported MoOx catalysts, at various temperatures (170-230°C), pressures (0-80 bar H2), catalyst loadings (0-2 weight%), and reactant concentrations (5-20 weight%). No significant difference in catalytic activity or selectivity has been observed among the three different MoO3 and one MoO2 catalysts, while NiMo/Al2O3, Mo2C and WO3 were much less active. Data-points collected have been used to propose a detailed reaction pathway network for a micro-kinetic model, which also took into consideration the thermodn., and adsorption, desorption, and surface reaction kinetics. The alcoholysis of FUR yielded valuable iso-Pr levulinate (IPL) as the major product under all tested reaction conditions, while other value-added compounds (furfuryl alc., iso-Pr furfuryl ether, furfuryl acetone, angelica lactone) were observed in smaller quantities. It was found that neither the presence nor the absence of the gaseous H2 pressure contributes to the global reaction rate, or selectivity, since the solvent acts as a sufficient hydrogen donor. Addnl., d. functional theory (DFT) calculations provided further insight into the active planes present by the implementation of the Wulff construction. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism was explained based on reaction energies, which were in silico determined and compared for several surfaces. The results were consistent with the characterization and activity-testing results. The furfural ring-opening reaction, yielding valuable IPL in the absence of gaseous H2, over a cheap bulk MoOx is reported for the first time.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Experimental and modeling studies on the Ru/C catalyzed levulinic acid hydrogenation to γ-valerolactone in packed bed microreactors, published in 2020-11-01, which mentions a compound: 591-12-8, Name is 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, Molecular C5H6O2, Application In Synthesis of 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one.

The hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) was performed in perfluoroalkoxy alkane capillary microreactors packed with a carbon-supported ruthenium (Ru/C) catalyst with an average particle diameter of 0.3 or 0.45 mm. The reaction was executed under an upstream gas-liquid slug flow with 1,4-dioxane as the solvent and H2 as the hydrogen donor in the gas phase. Operating conditions (i.e., flow rate and gas to liquid flow ratio, pressure, temperature and catalyst particle size) were varied in the microreactor to determine the influence of mass transfer and kinetic characteristics on the reaction performance. At 130°C, 12 bar H2 and a weight hourly space velocity of the liquid feed (WHSV) of 3.0 gfeed/(gcat·h), 100% LA conversion and 84% GVL yield were obtained. Under the conditions tested (70-130°C and 9-15 bar) the reaction rate was affected by mass transfer, given the notable effect of the mixture flow rate and catalyst particle size on the LA conversion and GVL yield at a certain WHSV. A microreactor model was developed by considering gas-liquid-solid mass transfer therein and the reaction kinetics estimated from the literature correlations and data. This model well describes the measured LA conversion for varying operating conditions, provided that the internal diffusion and kinetic rates were not considered rate limiting. Liquid-solid mass transfer of hydrogen towards the external catalyst surface was thus found dominant in most experiments The developed model can aid in the further optimization of the Ru/C catalyzed levulinic acid hydrogenation in packed bed microreactors.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthetic Route of C5H6O2. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about α-Angelica Lactone in a New Role: Facile Access to N-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolinones and Isoindolinones via Organocatalytic α-CH2 Oxygenation. Author is Thatikonda, Thanusha; Deepake, Siddharth K.; Das, Utpal.

A method for the direct oxidation of various N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines and isoindolines to the corresponding lactams using α-angelica lactone as a catalyst was developed. The utility of the method was further demonstrated by synthesis of indoprofen and indobufen.

Although many compounds look similar to this compound(591-12-8)Synthetic Route of C5H6O2, numerous studies have shown that this compound(SMILES:O=C1OC(C)=CC1), has unique advantages. If you want to know more about similar compounds, you can read my other articles.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Application In Synthesis of 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Scalable synthesis and polymerization of a β-angelica lactone derived monomer. Author is Dell’Acqua, Andrea; Stadler, Bernhard M.; Kirchhecker, Sarah; Tin, Sergey; de Vries, Johannes G..

Bio-based levulinic acid is easily ring-closed to α-angelica lactone (α-AL). The α-AL can be isomerized to the conjugated β-AL under the influence of base, but since this is an equilibrium mixture it is very hard to devise a scalable process that would give pure β-AL. This problem was circumvented by distilling the equilibrium mixture to obtain a 90 : 10 mixture of β- and α-AL in 88% yield. This mixture was used for Diels-Alder reactions on 3 terpenes and on cyclopentadiene in up to 100 g scale. The latter DA adduct was subjected to a ROMP reaction catalyzed by the Grubbs II catalyst. The resulting polymer has some similarities to poly-norbornene but is more polar. The polymer can be processed into films with very good transparency.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

HPLC of Formula: 591-12-8. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 5-Methylfuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, CAS is 591-12-8, about Carbon nanotube/PTFE as a hybrid platform for lipase B from Candida antarctica in transformation of α-angelica lactone into alkyl levulinates. Author is Szelwicka, Anna; Kolanowska, Anna; Latos, Piotr; Jurczyk, Sebastian; Boncel, Slawomir; Chrobok, Anna.

In this work an enzymic method for the synthesis of alkyl levulinates from α-angelica lactone has been reported for the first time. Lipase B from Candida antarctica was immobilized via interfacial activation on the surface of a hybrid support, consisting of com. available multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Among the biocatalysts with various contents of PTFE in the support, the CALB/MWCNT-PTFE (0.10 wt%) biocatalyst with 22.5 wt% CALB loading was determined as the most active one in the model synthesis of the Bu levulinate in toluene. n-Bu levulinate was obtained quantitively after 120 min of the reaction under the selected reaction conditions (2-fold molar excess of n-butanol, 0.150 g of biocatalyst per 1 mmol of α-angelica lactone, 20°C). The yield of Bu levulinate was found to be higher than that in the presence of accurate amounts of sulfuric acid or Novozyme-435. Addnl., the unique stability of the developed biocatalyst was demonstrated over 6 reaction cycles at 20°C. The biocatalyst remained stable over 3 reaction cycles at 60°C as well. The essence of the proposed approach lies in the possibility to overcome the equilibrium limitations occurring in the conventional Fisher esterification. The activity of the elaborated hybrid biocatalyst in the reactions non-specific for lipases is a clear proof of the versatility of the novel system.

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Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia