Category: 65-71-4

On August 31, 2021, Ting, Chien-Yu; Huang, Ching-Ying; Chen, Hung-Chih; Chiu, Yi-Wen; Hsieh, Patrick C. H.; Lee, Jia-Jung published an article.Synthetic Route of 65-71-4 The title of the article was Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from a Bardet-Biedl syndrome patient carrying a homologous BBS2 c.534 + 1G > T mutation. And the article contained the following:

Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a autosomal recessive hereditary disorder characterized by polydactyly, multiple renal cysts, retinal cone-rod dystrophy, obesity, and variable neural development or cognitive impairment. We reported the generation and characterization of an iPS cell line, IBMS-iPSC-063-06, from a patient carrying the BBS2 homologous c534 + 1G > T mutation. The generated iPS cell line retains the mutation and exhibits pluripotency and differentiation ability both in vivo and in vitro condition. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Synthetic Route of 65-71-4

The Article related to bardet biedl syndrome induced pluripotent stem cell bbs2, Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry: Metabolic and Hereditary Diseases and other aspects.Synthetic Route of 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Kim, Ju Yeong; Yi, Myung-Hee; Kim, Myungjun; Yeom, Joon-Sup; Yoo, Hyun Dong; Kim, Seong Min; Yong, Tai-Soon published an article in 2022, the title of the article was Diagnosis of Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis by thymine-adenine cloning using universal eukaryotic primers.Recommanded Product: 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione And the article contains the following content:

Identifying the causal pathogen of encephalitis remains a clin. challenge. A 50-yr-old man without a history of neurol. disease was referred to our department for the evaluation of an intracranial lesion observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and the pathol. results suggested protozoal infection. We identified the species responsible for encephalitis using thymine-adenine (TA) cloning, suitable for routine clin. practice. We extracted DNA from a paraffin-embedded brain biopsy sample and performed TA cloning using two universal eukaryotic primers targeting the V4-5 and V9 regions of the 18S rRNA gene. The recombinant plasmids were extracted, and the inserted amplicons were identified by Sanger sequencing and a homol. search of sequences in the National Center for Biotechnol. Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. The infection was confirmed to be caused by the free-living amoeba Balamuthia mandrillaris. Two of 41 colonies recombinant with 18S V4-5 primers and 35 of 63 colonies recombinant with the 18S V9 primer contained B. mandrillaris genes; all other colonies contained human genes. Pathogen-specific PCR ruled out Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., and Toxoplasma gondii infections. This is the first report of B. mandrillaris-induced encephalitis in Korea based on mol. identification. TA cloning with the 18S rRNA gene is a feasible and affordable diagnostic tool for the detection of infectious agents of unknown etiol. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Recommanded Product: 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to thymine adenine balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis infection diagnosis, 18s rrna, amoeba, balamuthia mandrillaris, encephalitis, ta cloning, Mammalian Pathological Biochemistry: Nervous System and Psychiatric Diseases and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Jaiswal, Vishal K.; Segarra-Marti, Javier; Marazzi, Marco; Zvereva, Elena; Assfeld, Xavier; Monari, Antonio; Garavelli, Marco; Rivalta, Ivan published an article in 2020, the title of the article was First-principles characterization of the singlet excited state manifold in DNA/RNA nucleobases.Product Details of 65-71-4 And the article contains the following content:

An extensive theor. characterization of the singlet excited state manifold of the five canonical DNA/RNA nucleobases (thymine, cytosine, uracil, adenine and guanine) in gas-phase is carried out with time-dependent d. functional theory (TD-DFT) and restricted active space second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2) approaches. Both ground state and excited state absorptions are analyzed and compared between these different theor. approaches, assessing the performance of the hybrid B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP (long-range corrected) functionals with respect to the RASPT2 reference By comparing the TD-DFT estimates with our reference for high-lying excited states, we are able to narrow down specific energetic windows where TD-DFT may be safely employed to qual. reproduce the excited state absorption (ESA) signals registered in non-linear and time-resolved spectroscopy for monitoring photoinduced phenomena. Our results show a qual. agreement between the RASPT2 reference and the B3LYP computed ESAs of pyrimidines in the near-IR/Visible spectral probing window while for purines the agreement is limited to the near-IR ESAs, with generally larger discrepancies obtained with the CAM-B3LYP functional. This outcome paves the way for appropriate application of cost-effective TD-DFT approaches to simulate linear and non-linear spectroscopies of realistic multichromophoric DNA/RNA systems with biol. and nanotechnol. relevance. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Product Details of 65-71-4

The Article related to pyrimidine purine singlet excited state uv spectra, Physical Organic Chemistry: Theoretical Organic Chemical Concepts, Including Quantum and Molecular Mechanical Studies and other aspects.Product Details of 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On October 12, 2020, Culver, Heidi R.; Sinha, Jasmine; Prieto, Tania R.; Calo, Christopher J.; Fairbanks, Benjamin D.; Bowman, Christopher N. published an article.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2 The title of the article was Click Nucleic Acid-DNA Binding Behavior: Dependence on Length, Sequence, and Ionic Strength. And the article contained the following:

Click nucleic acids (CNAs) are a new, low-cost class of xeno nucleic acid (XNA) oligonucleotides synthesized by an efficient and scalable thiol-ene polymerization In this work, a thorough characterization of oligo(thymine) CNA-oligo(adenine) DNA ((dA)20) hybridization was performed to guide the future implementation of CNAs in applications that rely on sequence-specific interactions. Microscale thermophoresis provided a convenient platform to rapidly and systematically investigate the effects of several factors (i.e., sequence, length, and salt concentration) on the CNA-DNA dissociation constant (Kapp). Because CNAs have limited water solubility, all studies were performed in aqueous-DMSO mixtures CNA-DNA hybrids between oligo(thymine) CNA (average length of 16 bases) and (dA)20 DNA have good stability despite the high organic content, a favorable attribute for many emerging applications of XNAs. In particular, the Kapp of CNA-DNA hybrids in 65 vol % DMSO with 10 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) was 0.74 ± 0.1μM, whereas the Kapp for (dT)20-(dA)20 DNA-DNA was found to be 45 ± 2μM in a buffer without DMSO but at the same NaCl concentration CNA hybridized with DNA following Watson-Crick base pairing with excellent sequence specificity, discriminating even a single-base-pair mismatch, with Kapp values of 0.74 ± 0.1 and 3.7 ± 0.6μM for complementary and single-base-pair mismatch sequences, resp. As with dsDNA, increasing CNA length led to more stable hybrids as a result of increased base pairing, where Kapp decreased from 5.6 ± 0.8 to 0.27 ± 0.1μM as the CNA average length increased from 7 to 21 bases. However, unlike DNA-DNA duplexes, which are largely unstable at low salt concentrations, the CNA-DNA stability does not depend on salt concentration, with Kapp remaining consistent between 1.0 and 1.9μM over a NaCl concentration range of 1.25-30 mM. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2

The Article related to oligonucleotide click nucleic acid dna binding, Biomolecules and Their Synthetic Analogs: Others, Including Purines, Pyrimidine Nucleic Acid Bases, Flavins, Lignans and other aspects.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Wolf, Thomas J. A.; Paul, Alexander C.; Folkestad, Sarai D.; Myhre, Rolf H.; Cryan, James P.; Berrah, Nora; Bucksbaum, Phil H.; Coriani, Sonia; Coslovich, Giacomo; Feifel, Raimund; Martinez, Todd J.; Moeller, Stefan P.; Mucke, Melanie; Obaid, Razib; Plekan, Oksana; Squibb, Richard J.; Koch, Henrik; Guhr, Markus published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Transient resonant Auger-Meitner spectra of photoexcited thymine.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4 And the article contains the following content:

We present the first investigation of excited state dynamics by resonant Auger-Meitner spectroscopy (also known as resonant Auger spectroscopy) using the nucleobase thymine as an example. Thymine is photoexcited in the UV and probed with X-ray photon energies at and below the oxygen K-edge. After initial photoexcitation to a ππ* excited state, thymine is known to undergo internal conversion to an nπ* excited state with a strong resonance at the oxygen K-edge, red-shifted from the ground state π* resonances of thymine (see our previous study Wolf, et al., Nat. Commun., 2017, 8, 29). We resolve and compare the Auger-Meitner electron spectra associated both with the excited state and ground state resonances, and distinguish participator and spectator decay contributions. Furthermore, we observe simultaneously with the decay of the nπ* state signatures the appearance of addnl. resonant Auger-Meitner contributions at photon energies between the nπ* state and the ground state resonances. We assign these contributions to population transfer from the nπ* state to a ππ* triplet state via intersystem crossing on the picosecond timescale based on simulations of the X-ray absorption spectra in the vibrationally hot triplet state. Moreover, we identify signatures from the initially excited ππ* singlet state which we have not observed in our previous study. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

The Article related to thymine photoexcitation auger photoelectron spectra, Physical Organic Chemistry: Resonance Spectra (Electron Spin, Nuclear Magnetic and Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic, Quadrupole, etc.) and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On December 29, 2020, Pritha Rao, T. V.; Kuzminov, Andrei published an article.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4 The title of the article was Exopolysaccharide defects cause hyper-thymineless death in Escherichia coli via massive loss of chromosomal DNA and cell lysis. And the article contained the following:

Thymineless death in Escherichia coli thyA mutants growing in the absence of thymidine (dT) is preceded by a substantial resistance phase, during which the culture titer remains static, as if the chromosome has to accumulate damage before ultimately failing. Significant chromosomal replication and fragmentation during the resistance phase could provide appropriate sources of this damage. Alternatively, the initial chromosomal replication in thymine (T)-starved cells could reflect a considerable endogenous dT source, making the resistance phase a delay of acute starvation, rather than an integral part of thymineless death. Here we identify such a low-mol.-weight (LMW)-dT source as mostly dTDP-glucose and its derivatives, used to synthesize enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). The thyA mutant, in which dTDP-glucose production is blocked by the rfbA rffH mutations, lacks a LMW-dT pool, the initial DNA synthesis during T-starvation and the resistance phase. Remarkably, the thyA mutant that makes dTDP-glucose and initiates ECA synthesis normally yet cannot complete it due to the rffC defect, maintains a regular LMW-dT pool, but cannot recover dTTP from it, and thus suffers T-hyperstarvation, dying precipitously, completely losing chromosomal DNA and eventually lysing, even without chromosomal replication. At the same time, its ECA+thyA parent does not lyse during T-starvation, while both the dramatic killing and chromosomal DNA loss in the ECA-deficient thyA mutants precede cell lysis. We conclude that: (1) the significant pool of dTDP-hexoses delays acute T-starvation; (2) T-starvation destabilizes even nonreplicating chromosomes, while T-hyperstarvation destroys them; and (3) beyond the chromosome, T-hyperstarvation also destabilizes the cell envelope. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

The Article related to exopolysaccharide thymidine thya mutation chromosome cell lysis escherichia, cell lysis, chromosome fragmentation, chromosome replication, dtdp-glucose, enterobacterial common antigen and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Guo, Pei; Lam, Sik Lok published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Unprecedented hydrophobic stabilizations from a reverse wobble T·T mispair in DNA minidumbbell.Computed Properties of 65-71-4 And the article contains the following content:

Minidumbbell (MDB) is a newly found non-B DNA structure formed by short single-strand sequences. Up to now, three MDBs have been reported to form at neutral pH by sequences containing two repeats of TTTA, CCTG and CTTG. Among them, the thermodynamically less stable TTTA and CCTG MDBs have been proposed to be the structural intermediates that cause TTTA and CCTG repeat expansions during DNA replication in Staphylococcus aureus pathogen and myotonic dystrophy type 2 patients, resp. Although the CTTG MDB has a melting temperature of at least 13°C higher than those of the other two, no CTTG repeat expansion has ever been reported in any genomes. In this study, we successfully determined the solution structure of the CTTG MDB and observed for the first time the formation of a reverse wobble T·T mispair with two sym. hydrogen bonds. More importantly, we identified unprecedented hydrophobic interactions between the two Me groups of this T·T mispair and the four 2′-methylene groups of their nearby loop-closing base pair residues. These stabilizations account for the substantial increase in the MDB thermodn. stability which may govern the occurrence of repeat expansions. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Computed Properties of 65-71-4

The Article related to reverse wobble thermodn stability staphylococcus, dna structure, hydrophobic interaction, minidumbbell, nuclear magnetic resonance, repeat expansions, reverse wobble t·t mispair and other aspects.Computed Properties of 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On May 31, 2022, Xu, Shiqiang; Sun, Mingyang; Mei, Yu; Gu, Yan; Huang, Ding; Wang, Jihua published an article.Formula: C5H6N2O2 The title of the article was The complete chloroplast genome sequence of the medicinal plant Abrus pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis: genome structure, comparative and phylogenetic relationship analysis. And the article contained the following:

Abrus pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis, an endemic medicinal plant in southern China, is clin. used to treat jaundice hepatitis, cholecystitis, stomachache and breast carbuncle. Here, we assembled and analyzed the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis. The A. pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis cp genome size is 156,497 bp with 36.5% GC content. The cp genome encodes 130 genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes, of which 19 genes are duplicated in the inverted repeats (IR) regions. A total of 30 codons exhibited codon usage bias with A/U-ending. Moreover, 53 putative RNA editing sites were predicted in 20 genes, all of which were cytidine to thymine transitions. Repeat sequence anal. identified 45 repeat structures and 125 simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) in A. pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis cp genome. In addition, 19 mononucleotides (located in atpB, trnV-UAC, ycf3, atpF, rps16, rps18, clpP, rpl16, trnG-UCC and ndhA) and three compound SSRs (located in ndhA, atpB and rpl16) showed species specificity between A. pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis and Abrus precatorius, which might be informative sources for developing mol. markers for species identification. Furthermore, phylogenetic anal. inferred that A. pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis was closely related to A. precatorius, and the genus Abrus formed a subclade with Canavalia in the Millettioid/Phaseoloid clade. These data provide a valuable resource to facilitate the evolutionary relationship and species identification of this species. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Formula: C5H6N2O2

The Article related to genome atpb atpf biomarker chloroplast phylogenetic analysis abrus, abrus pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis, chloroplast genome, phylogenetic analysis, structural characteristics and other aspects.Formula: C5H6N2O2

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

On March 31, 2020, Fernandez Montes, A.; Vazquez Rivera, F.; Martinez Lago, N.; Covela Rua, M.; Cousillas Castineiras, A.; Gonzalez Villarroel, P.; de la Camara Gomez, J.; Mendez Mendez, J. C.; Salgado Fernandez, M.; Candamio Folgar, S.; Reboredo Lopez, M.; Carmona Campos, M.; Gallardo Martin, E.; Jorge Fernandez, M.; Pellon Augusto, M. L.; Paris Bouzas, L.; Garcia Gomez, J. published an article.Electric Literature of 65-71-4 The title of the article was Efficacy and safety of trifluridine/tipiracil in third-line and beyond for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in routine clinical practice: patterns of use and prognostic nomogram. And the article contained the following:

Introduction: Trifluridine/tipiracil combination has shown a benefit over placebo in the treatment of patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of this combination in the real-life setting at eight Galician centers in Spain. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of a cohort of patients with mCRC in treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil within usual clin. practice who have been previously treated or are not considered candidates for treatment with available therapies. Results: A total of 160 mCRC patients were included. Our data showed that 11.9% of patients achieved disease control. Median progression-free survival was 2.75 mo; at 5.66 mo follow-up, median overall survival was 7.94 mo. Asthenia and neutropenia (48.1% both) were the most frequent adverse events. Overall survival was lower in patients with ECOG 2, multiple metastatic sites, platelets count 350,000/μl, alk. phosphatase > 500 IU/l, and carcinoembryonic antigen > 10 ng/mL. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the efficacy and safety of trifluridine/tipiracil in chemorefractory mCRC patients. However, patients in clin. practice differ from patients in clin. trials. Due to this, prognostic factors have special importance to offer the best therapeutic approach. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Electric Literature of 65-71-4

The Article related to metastatic colorectal cancer safety trifluridine tipiracil prognosis, metastatic colorectal cancer, nomogram, prognostic factors, real-life, refractory, trifluridine/tipiracil and other aspects.Electric Literature of 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Andre, Thierry; Saunders, Mark; Kanehisa, Akira; Gandossi, Eric; Fougeray, Ronan; Amellal, Nadia Causse; Falcone, Alfredo published an article in 2020, the title of the article was First-line trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: SOLSTICE study design.Electric Literature of 65-71-4 And the article contains the following content:

Trifluridine/tipiracil (TT) is an orally administered combination of the thymidine-based nucleoside analog trifluridine and the thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor tipiracil hydrochloride, which increases the bioavailability of cytotoxic trifluridine. Encouraging antitumor activity of first-line TT + bevacizumab (TT-B) has been observed in a Phase II study in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer ineligible for combination oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based therapy. Here, we describe the design of SOLSTICE (NCT03869892), an open-label, Phase III trial in unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients who are not candidates for, or do not require, intensive therapy. The 854 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive first-line TT-B vs. capecitabine + bevacizumab. The primary objective is to demonstrate superior progression-free survival with TT-B over capecitabine + bevacizumab. The first patient was enrolled in March 2019. Lay abstract : Trifluridine/tipiracil is an oral chemotherapy drug combination that acts by affecting the DNA of tumor cells. In a previous study, initial (first-line) treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil plus the tumor-starving (anti-angiogenic) drug bevacizumab was effective in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer that could not be surgically removed (i.e., was unresectable) and who could not receive intensive therapy. The SOLSTICE trial is designed to compare the efficacy and safety of first-line trifluridine/tipiracil + bevacizumab vs. another treatment, capecitabine + bevacizumab, in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer who are not candidates for intensive therapy. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Electric Literature of 65-71-4

The Article related to trifluridine tipiracil bevacizumab anticancer combination chemotherapy metastatic colorectal cancer, bevacizumab, capecitabine, first-line, metastatic colorectal cancer, trifluridine/tipiracil and other aspects.Electric Literature of 65-71-4

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia