Category: 65-71-4

Ravera, Francesca; Efeoglu, Esen; Byrne, Hugh J. published an article in 2021, the title of the article was Monitoring stem cell differentiation using Raman microspectroscopy: chondrogenic differentiation, towards cartilage formation.Electric Literature of 65-71-4 And the article contains the following content:

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, the only cellular components of cartilage and are therefore ideal candidates for cartilage and tissue repair technologies. Chondrocytes are surrounded by cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network rich in glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and collagen, which, together with a multitude of intracellular signalling mols., trigger the chondrogenesis and allow the chondroprogenitor to acquire the spherical morphol. of the chondrocytes. However, although the mechanisms of the differentiation of MSCs have been extensively explored, it has been difficult to provide a holistic picture of the process, in situ. Raman Micro Spectroscopy (RMS) has been demonstrated to be a powerful anal. tool, which provides detailed label free biochem. fingerprint information in a non-invasive way, for anal. of cells, tissues and body fluids. In this work, RMS is explored to monitor the process of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) differentiation into chondrocytes in vitro, providing a holistic mol. picture of cellular events governing the differentiation. Spectral signatures of the subcellular compartments, nucleolus, nucleus and cytoplasm were initially probed and characteristic mol. changes between differentiated and undifferentiated were identified. Moreover, high d. cell micromasses were cultured over a period of three weeks, and a systematic monitoring of cellular mol. components and the progress of the ECM formation, associated with the chondrogenic differentiation, was performed. This study shows the potential applicability of RMS as a powerful tool to monitor and better understand the differentiation pathways and process. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Electric Literature of 65-71-4

The Article related to chondrogenic stem cell differentiation raman microspectroscopy, Biochemical Methods: Spectral and Related Methods and other aspects.Electric Literature of 65-71-4

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
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On March 14, 2021, Dempwolff, Adrian L.; Belogolova, Alexandra M.; Trofimov, Alexander B.; Dreuw, Andreas published an article.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4 The title of the article was Intermediate state representation approach to physical properties of molecular electron-attached states: Theory, implementation, and benchmarking. And the article contained the following:

Computational schemes for comprehensive studies of mol. electron-attached states and the calculation of electron affinities (EAs) are formulated and implemented employing the intermediate state representation (ISR) formalism and the algebraic-diagrammatic construction approximation for the electron propagator (EA-ADC). These EA-ADC(n)/ISR(m) schemes allow for a consistent treatment of not only electron affinities and pole strengths up to third-order of perturbation theory (n = 3) but also one-electron properties of electron-attached states up to second order (m = 2). The EA-ADC/ISR equations were implemented in the Q-CHEM program for Sẑ-adapted intermediate states, allowing also open-shell systems to be studied using UHF references For benchmarking of the EA-(U)ADC/ISR schemes, EAs and dipole moments of various electron-attached states of small closed- and open-shell mols. were computed and compared to full CI data. As an illustrative example, EA-ADC(3)/ISR(2) has been applied to the thymine-thymine (6-4) DNA photolesion. (c) 2021 American Institute of Physics. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

The Article related to intermediate state representation electron attached mol state propagator method, General Physical Chemistry: Electronic Structure and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
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On December 31, 2022, Connell, J. R.; Benton, M. C.; Lea, R. A.; Sutherland, H. G.; Chaseling, J.; Haupt, L. M.; Wright, K. M.; Griffiths, L. R. published an article.Product Details of 65-71-4 The title of the article was Pedigree derived mutation rate across the entire mitochondrial genome of the Norfolk Island population. And the article contained the following:

Estimates of mutation rates for various regions of the human mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) vary widely, depending on whether they are inferred using a phylogenetic approach or obtained directly from pedigrees. Traditionally, only the control region, or small portions of the coding region have been targeted for anal. due to the cost and effort required to produce whole mtGenome Sanger profiles. Here, we report one of the first pedigree derived mutation rates for the entire human mtGenome. The entire mtGenome from 225 individuals originating from Norfolk Island was analyzed to estimate the pedigree derived mutation rate and compared against published mutation rates. These individuals were from 45 maternal lineages spanning 345 generational events. Mutation rates for various portions of the mtGenome were calculated Nine mutations (including two transitions and seven cases of heteroplasmy) were observed, resulting in a rate of 0.058 mutations/site/million years (95% CI 0.031-0.108). These mutation rates are approx. 16 times higher than estimates derived from phylogenetic anal. with heteroplasmy detected in 13 samples (n = 225, 5.8% individuals). Providing one of the first pedigree derived estimates for the entire mtGenome, this study provides a better understanding of human mtGenome evolution and has relevance to many research fields, including medicine, anthropol. and forensics. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Product Details of 65-71-4

The Article related to mutation pedigree mitochondrial genome heteroplasmy australia, Mammalian Biochemistry: Classical Genetics and Phylogeny and other aspects.Product Details of 65-71-4

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
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On December 31, 2022, Muller Paul, Hans; Istanto, Dave D.; Heldenbrand, Jacob; Hudson, Matthew E. published an article.Recommanded Product: 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione The title of the article was CROPSR: an automated platform for complex genome-wide CRISPR gRNA design and validation. And the article contained the following:

CRISPR/Cas9 technol. has become an important tool to generate targeted, highly specific genome mutations. The technol. has great potential for crop improvement, as crop genomes are tailored to optimize specific traits over generations of breeding. Many crops have highly complex and polyploid genomes, particularly those used for bioenergy or bioproducts. The majority of tools currently available for designing and evaluating gRNAs for CRISPR experiments were developed based on mammalian genomes that do not share the characteristics or design criteria for crop genomes. We have developed an open source tool for genome-wide design and evaluation of gRNA sequences for CRISPR experiments, CROPSR. The genome-wide approach provides a significant decrease in the time required to design a CRISPR experiment, including validation through PCR, at the expense of an overhead compute time required once per genome, at the first run. To better cater to the needs of crop geneticists, restrictions imposed by other packages on design and evaluation of gRNA sequences were lifted. A new machine learning model was developed to provide scores while avoiding situations in which the currently available tools sometimes failed to provide guides for repetitive, A/T-rich genomic regions. We show that our gRNA scoring model provides a significant increase in prediction accuracy over existing tools, even in non-crop genomes. CROPSR provides the scientific community with new methods and a new workflow for performing CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments CROPSR reduces the challenges of working in crops, and helps speed gRNA sequence design, evaluation and validation. We hope that the new software will accelerate discovery and reduce the number of failed experiments The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Recommanded Product: 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

The Article related to grna cas9 crispr cropsr soybean miscanthus, bioinformatics pipelines, crispr, crops, miscanthus, soybean, grna design, Biochemical Genetics: Genetic Engineering and Cloning and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
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On July 31, 2020, Sakata, Rina C.; Ishiguro, Soh; Mori, Hideto; Tanaka, Mamoru; Tatsuno, Kenji; Ueda, Hiroki; Yamamoto, Shogo; Seki, Motoaki; Masuyama, Nanami; Nishida, Keiji; Nishimasu, Hiroshi; Arakawa, Kazuharu; Kondo, Akihiko; Nureki, Osamu; Tomita, Masaru; Aburatani, Hiroyuki; Yachie, Nozomu published an article.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2 The title of the article was Base editors for simultaneous introduction of C-to-T and A-to-G mutations. And the article contained the following:

Abstract: We describe base editors that combine both cytosine and adenine base-editing functions. A codon-optimized fusion of the cytosine deaminase PmCDA1, the adenosine deaminase TadA and a Cas9 nickase (Target-ACEmax) showed a high median simultaneous C-to-T and A-to-G editing activity at 47 genomic targets. On-target as well as DNA and RNA off-target activities of Target-ACEmax were similar to those of existing single-function base editors. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2

The Article related to target acemax adenine guanine cytosine thymine mutation base editing, Biochemical Genetics: Gene Structure and Organization and other aspects.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
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Zhang, Jiahui; Fakharzadeh, Ashkan; Pan, Feng; Roland, Christopher; Sagui, Celeste published an article in 2020, the title of the article was Atypical structures of GAA/TTC trinucleotide repeats underlying Friedreich’s ataxia: DNA triplexes and RNA/DNA hybrids.HPLC of Formula: 65-71-4 And the article contains the following content:

Expansion of the GAA/TTC repeats in the first intron of the FXN gene causes Friedreich’s ataxia. Non-canonical structures are linked to this expansion. DNA triplexes and R-loops are believed to arrest transcription, which results in frataxin deficiency and eventual neurodegeneration. We present a systematic in silico characterization of the possible DNA triplexes that could be assembled with GAA and TTC strands; the two hybrid duplexes [r(GAA):d(TTC) and d(GAA):r(UUC)] in an R-loop; and three hybrid triplexes that could form during bidirectional transcription when the non-template DNA strand bonds with the hybrid duplex (collapsed R-loops, where the two DNA strands remain antiparallel). For both Y·R:Y and R·R:Y DNA triplexes, the parallel third strand orientation is more stable; both parallel and antiparallel protonated d(GA+ A)·d(GAA):d(TTC) triplexes are stable. Apparent contradictions in the literature about the R·R:Y triplex stability is probably due to lack of mol. resolution, since shifting the third strand by a single nucleotide alters the stability ranking. In the collapsed R-loops, antiparallel d(TTC+)·d(GAA):r(UUC) is unstable, while parallel d(GAA)·r(GAA):d(TTC) and d(GA+A)·r(GAA):d(TTC) are stable. In addition to providing new structural perspectives for specific therapeutic aims, our results contribute to a systematic structural basis for the emerging field of quant. R-loop biol. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).HPLC of Formula: 65-71-4

The Article related to gaa ttc repeat, friedreich ataxia fxn rna dna triplex hybrid, Biochemical Genetics: Gene Structure and Organization and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 65-71-4

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
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On July 31, 2021, Nakazato, Issei; Okuno, Miki; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Tamura, Yoshiko; Itoh, Takehiko; Shikanai, Toshiharu; Takanashi, Hideki; Tsutsumi, Nobuhiro; Arimura, Shin-ichi published an article.Application of 65-71-4 The title of the article was Targeted base editing in the plastid genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. And the article contained the following:

Bacterial cytidine deaminase fused to the DNA binding domains of transcription activator-like effector nucleases was recently reported to transiently substitute a targeted C to a T in mitochondrial DNA of mammalian cultured cells1. We applied this system to targeted base editing in the Arabidopsis thaliana plastid genome. The targeted Cs were homoplasmically substituted to Ts in some plantlets of the T1 generation and the mutations were inherited by their offspring independently of their nuclear-introduced vectors. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Application of 65-71-4

The Article related to arabidopsis plastid genome base editing, Biochemical Genetics: Genetic Engineering and Cloning and other aspects.Application of 65-71-4

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
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On February 9, 2021, Nagpal, Anushka; Dhankhar, Dinesh; Cesario, Thomas C.; Li, Runze; Chen, Jie; Rentzepis, Peter M. published an article.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4 The title of the article was Thymine dissociation and dimer formation: A Raman and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic study. And the article contained the following:

In this study, absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and Raman spectra of nonirradiated and UV-irradiated thymine solutions were recorded in order to detect thymine dimer formation. The thymine dimer formation, as a function of irradiation dose, was determined by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the formation of a mutagenic (6-4) photoproduct was identified by its synchronous fluorescence spectrum. Our spectroscopic data suggest that the rate of conversion of thymine to thymine dimer decreases after 20 min of UV irradiation, owing to the formation of an equilibrium between the thymine dimers and monomers. However, the formation of the (6-4) photoproduct continued to increase with UV irradiation In addition, the Raman spectra of nonirradiated and irradiated calf thymus DNA were recorded, and the formation of thymine dimers was detected. The spectroscopic data presented make it possible to determine the mechanism of thymine dimer formation, which is known to be responsible for the inhibition of DNA replication that causes bacteria inactivation. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

The Article related to raman synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy thymine dissociation dimer formation, dna, uv inactivation, spectroscopy, thymine dimer, thymine dimer raman spectrum, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.Recommanded Product: 65-71-4

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
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On January 31, 2020, Shekaari, Ashkan; Jafari, Mahmoud published an article.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2 The title of the article was Modeling the action of environment on proton tunneling in the adenine-thymine base pair. And the article contained the following:

Effect of environment coupling on the quantum-biol. phenomenon of proton tunneling in the hydrogen bonds of the adenine-thymine base pair in DNA was modeled within the framework of quantum statistics and perturbation theory. A number of important thermodn. indicators including partition function, free energy, and entropy were then calculated and examined The proton was then assumed to be subject to an attraction represented by a double-well potential energy surface with a small asymmetry, which was considered as the perturbation introduced to the system. The action of environment manifested itself in the form of a global min. in the free energy curve, as an implicit implication of the tendency of the system toward randomness and disorder, at which no spontaneous change such as quantum tunneling will accordingly occur. Furthermore, assuming the free energy to be in a close neighborhood of its min. truly explained the smallness of the contribution of environment coupling to the tunneling probability reported in the literature based on the fact that the closer the free energy to its min., the less the transition probability to this point. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2

The Article related to adenine thymine base pair proton tunneling environment, adenine–thymine base pair, proton tunneling, quantum statistics, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2

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On October 1, 2020, Cheng, Yuanlei; Zhang, Yashuo; Gong, Zhou; Zhang, Xinghua; Li, Yutong; Shi, Xiangqian; Pei, Yufeng; You, Huijuan published an article.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2 The title of the article was High Mechanical Stability and Slow Unfolding Rates Are Prevalent in Parallel-Stranded DNA G-Quadruplexes. And the article contained the following:

Guanine-rich repeat sequences are known to adopt diverse G-quadruplex (G4) topologies. Determining the unfolding rates of individual G4 species is challenging due to the coexistence of multiple G4 conformations in a solution Here, using single-mol. magnetic tweezers, we systematically measured the unfolding force distributions of 4 oncogene promoter G4s, 12 model sequences with two 1-nucleotide (nt) thymine loops that predominantly adopt parallel-stranded G4 structures, and 6 sequences forming multiple G4 structures. All parallel-stranded G4s reveal an unfolding force peak at 40-60 pN, which is associated with extremely slow unfolding rates on the order of 10-5-10-7 s-1. In contrast, nonparallel G4s and partially folded intermediate states reveal an unfolding force peak <40 pN. These results suggest a strong correlation between the parallel-stranded G4s folding topol. and the slow unfolding rates and provide important insights into the mechanism that govern the stability and the transition kinetics of G4s. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 65-71-4).COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2

The Article related to parallel stranded dna g quadruplex unfolding kinetics mech stability, General Biochemistry: Nucleic Acids and Their Constituents and other aspects.COA of Formula: C5H6N2O2

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Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia