Effects of wastewater treatment and manure application on the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance around swine feedlots was written by Liu, Chong;Li, Xiaohua;Zheng, Shunan;Kai, Zhang;Jin, Tuo;Shi, Rongguang;Huang, Hongkun;Zheng, Xiangqun. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2021.Formula: C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:
China is the world’s largest swine producer and consumer of pork. The large amount of veterinary antibiotics used in swine production poses a significant environmental risk, and many wastewater treatment and manure application measures are taken to control the spread of antibiotic pollution from swine feedlots. However, the effectiveness of these measures in antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes removal remains unclear. This study evaluated the fate of antibiotics and related resistance genes around 10 swine farms throughout China. A conventional wastewater treatment facility had limited ability to remove antibiotics and related resistance genes in effluent. Manure application increased the antibiotic concentration and related resistance genes abundance in agricultural soil, and simultaneously enhanced the correlation between class I integron and antibiotic resistance genes. Furthermore, the results revealed some factors such as heavy metals, dissolved oxygen and nutrients might play important roles in aggravating the antimicrobial resistance. The relevance network revealed that copper and zinc were significantly correlated with antibiotic resistance genes and class I/II integrons in manured soil and effluents from an anaerobic digester and membrane bioreactor, suggesting that excessive heavy metals could trigger co-selection and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. Overall, the study revealed the risk of antibiotic residual and resistance gene pollution in swine wastewater treatment and manure application, highlighting the importance in the source control of antibiotic and heavy metal uses as well as the necessity to optimize wastewater treatment technol. for resistance removal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Formula: C11H12N4O3S).
4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. Therapy for fungal infections is based mainly on four classes of antifungals: azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, and pyrimidine analogs.Formula: C11H12N4O3S
Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia