On December 31, 2016, Modrzejewska, Martyna; Gawronski, Maciej; Skonieczna, Magdalena; Zarakowska, Ewelina; Starczak, Marta; Foksinski, Marek; Rzeszowska-Wolny, Joanna; Gackowski, Daniel; Olinski, Ryszard published an article.Product Details of 4433-40-3 The title of the article was Vitamin C enhances substantially formation of 5-hydroxymethyluracil in cellular DNA. And the article contained the following:
The most plausible mechanism behind active demethylation of 5-methylcytosine involves TET proteins which participate in oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; the latter is further oxidized to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxycytosine. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil can be also generated from thymine in a TET-catalyzed process. Ascorbate was previously demonstrated to enhance generation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in cultured cells. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of the above-mentioned TET-mediated oxidation products of 5-methylcytosine and thymine after addition of ascorbate, using an isotope-dilution automated online two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatog. with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Intracellular concentration of ascorbate was determined by means of ultra-performance liquid chromatog. with UV detection. Irresp. of its concentration in culture medium (10-100 μM) and inside the cell, ascorbate stimulated a moderate (2- to 3-fold) albeit persistent (up to 96-h) increase in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. However, exposure of cells to higher concentrations of ascorbate (100 μM or 1 mM) stimulated a substantial increase in 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxycytosine levels. Moreover, for the first time we demonstrated a spectacular (up to 18.5-fold) increase in 5-hydroxymethyluracil content what, in turn, suggests that TET enzymes contributed to the presence of the modification in cellular DNA. These findings suggest that physiol. concentrations of ascorbate in human serum (10-100 μM) are sufficient to maintain a stable level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in cellular DNA. However, markedly higher concentrations of ascorbate (ca. 100 μM in the cell milieu or ca. 1 mM inside the cell) were needed to obtain a sustained increase in 5-formylcytosine, 5-carboxycytosine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil levels. Such feedback to elevated concentrations of ascorbate may reflect adaptation of the cell to environmental conditions. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione(cas: 4433-40-3).Product Details of 4433-40-3
The Article related to vitamin c dna hydroxymethyluracil formylcytosine carboxycytosine hydroxymethyluracil, 5-carboxycytosine, 5-formylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, 5-methylcytosine, ascorbate and other aspects.Product Details of 4433-40-3
Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia