Antibiotics biomonitored in urine and obesogenic risk in a community-dwelling elderly population was written by Sang, Yanru;Zhang, Jingjing;Liu, Kaiyong;Wang, Qunan;Wang, Sufang;Sheng, Jie;Wang, Li;Zhang, Dongmei;Li, Xiude;Cao, Hongjuan;Liu, Annuo;Tao, Fangbiao. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2021.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:
Exptl. and epidemiol. studies have linked antibiotics use to gut dysbiosis-mediated risk of chronic metabolic diseases. However, whether adiposity is linked to antibiotic exposure in elderly remains inadequately understood. To investigate the association between internal exposure of antibiotics and adiposity in elderly by using a biomonitoring method. We included 990 participants (≥ 60 years) from the baseline survey of the Cohort of Elderly Health and Environment Controllable Factors in Lu’an city, China, from June to Sept. 2016. Forty-five antibiotics and two metabolites in urine were monitored through liquid chromatog.-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations were used to assess antibiotic exposure levels. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BFP) were used as indicators of adiposity. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association of antibiotic concentrations with obesity-related indexes. Subsequently, a gender-stratified anal. was performed. Of the included elderly, 50.7% were defined as having overweight/obesity, 59.8% as having central preobesity/obesity, and 37.5% as having slightly high/high BFP. Linear regression anal. revealed that a 1-unit increase in the logarithmic transformation of norfoxacin concentrations was related with an increase of 0.29 kg/ m2 (95% CI: 0.02-0.04), 0.99 cm (95% CI: 0.24-1.75), and 0.69% (95% CI: 0.21-1.17) in BMI, WC, and BFP, resp. Compared with the control group, exposure to doxycycline (tertile 2: odds ratio, 2.06 [95% CI: 1.12-3.76]) and norfloxacin (tertile 2: 2.13 [1.05-4.29]; tertile 3: 2.07 [1.03-4.17]) had BMI-based overweight/obesity risk. Addnl., ciprofloxacin (tertile 2: 2.06 [1.12-3.76]), norfloxacin (tertile 3: 2.95 [1.34-6.49]), and florfenicol (tertile 3:1.84 [1.07-3.14]) were related to WC-based central preobesity/obesity risk. Norfoxacin (tertile 3: 2.54 [1.23-5.24]) was pos. associated with a slightly high/high BFP risk. Gender-stratified anal. demonstrated an increased adiposity risk in women compared with men. Our research provided an evidence that exposure to specific types of antibiotics (tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones) probably from the food chain contributed to obesity in elderly. Prospective cohort studies with larger sample size are warranted to explore the causation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S).
4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Electric Literature of C11H12N4O3S
Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia