Tag: 200-300

Antibiotic resistance genes in Chishui River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, China: Occurrence, seasonal variation and its relationships with antibiotics, heavy metals and microbial communities was written by Wu, Tianyu;Zhang, Yuntao;Wang, Bin;Chen, Chao;Cheng, Zhentao;Li, Yancheng;Li, Jiang. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Application of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

The large-scale use and release of antibiotics may create selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), causing potential harm to human health. River ecosystems have long been considered repositories of antibiotics and ARGs. Therefore, the distribution characteristics and seasonal variation in antibiotics and ARGs in the surface water of the main stream and tributaries of the Chishui River were studied. The concentrations of antibiotics in the dry season and rainy season were 54.18-425.74 ng/L and 66.57-256.40 ng/L, resp., gradually decreasing along the river direction. The results of antibiotics in the dry season and rainy season showed that livestock and poultry breeding were the main sources in the surface water of the Chishui River basin. Risk assessments indicated high risk levels of OFL in both seasons. In addition, anal. of ARGs and microbial community diversity showed that sul1 and sul3 were the main ARGs in the two seasons. The highest abundance of ARGs was 7.70 x 107 copies/L, and intl1 was significantly pos. correlated with all resistance genes (p< 0.01), indicating that it can significantly promote the transmission of ARGs. Proteobacteria were the dominant microorganisms in surface water, with a higher average abundance in the dry season (60.64%) than in the rainy season (39.53%). Finally, correlation analyses were performed between ARGs and antibiotics, microbial communities and heavy metals. The results showed that there was a significant pos. correlation between ARGs and most microorganisms and heavy metals (p< 0.01), indicating that occurrence and transmission in the environment are influenced by various environmental factors and cross-selection. In conclusion, the persistent residue and transmission of ARGs and their transfer to pathogens are a great threat to human health and deserve further study and attention. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Application of 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Application of 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Hydrophilic crosslinking agent-incorporated magnetic imprinted materials with enhanced selectivity for sulfamethazine adsorption was written by Cui, Yahan;Lin, Jiasheng;Xu, Yang;Li, Qiaoyan;Chen, Yanhua;Ding, Lan. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2021.Recommanded Product: 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

In this study, magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) with enhanced selectivity were synthesized using sulfamethazine (SMZ) as template mol. and hydrophilic triethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker. Compared with that of imprinted polymers (MMIPs@EGDMA) prepared with commonly used ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, MMIPs with increased hydrophilicity could achieve efficient adsorption and preferred binding ability for template SMZ (selectivity factor increased from 0.9 of MMIPs@EGDMA to 1.9) in the presence of structural analogs with significant similarities (i.e. sulfamonomethoxine). Under the optimal extraction conditions, the developed MMIPs-MSPE-HPLC-DAD method showed wide linear range (1.6-250娓璯/L), low detection limit (0.44娓璯/L) and satisfactory precision (RSD < 7%). The proposed strategy offers a potential and simple way to obtain imprinted polymers with high recognition capability, providing a perspective method in the accurate determination of SMZ in environmental water. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Recommanded Product: 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.Recommanded Product: 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamonomethoxine by mesoporous phosphorus-doped titania under simulated solar light irradiation was written by Li, Jiang;Su, Qi;Yuan, Huayu;Zhang, Lin;Hou, Li’an;Wang, Yuehu;Liu, Baojun;Wang, Bing;Li, Yancheng. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) by mesoporous phosphorus-doped TiO2 (P-TiO₂) was studied under simulated solar light irradiation The morphol. structure and chem. composition of P-TiO₂ were analyzed by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, BET, XPS and FTIR. Using the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodol. (RSM), the degradation of SMM was investigated with a range of antibiotic concentrations (4-8 mg L^-1), catalyst dosages (400-900 mg L^-1), P doping amounts (5-15 wt%) and irradiation time (90-150 min). The Ti-O-P bond formed during the calcination of TiO₂, thereby generating plate-like P-TiO₂, where P was uniformly distributed. Phosphorus doping can stabilize anatase TiO₂, which has a larger sp. surface area and a lower average particle and pore size than bare TiO₂. The result obtained from the RSM model showed a significant correlation between the predicted values and the exptl. results of SMM degradation (P < 0.05). Under the optimal exptl. conditions (antibiotic concentration = 6 mg/L, catalyst dosage = 800 mg/L, P doping = 5 wt% and irradiation time = 90 min), the degradation rate of SMM was 99.51%, and the TOC was 50%. Toxicity showed a considerable reduction towards Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 after SMM photocatalytic degradation Through free radical capture experiments, LC-MS detection and DFT calculations, the possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism of SMM using P-TiO₂ as the catalyst was revealed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. As nucleotides in DNA and RNA, pyrimidine nucleotide derivatives have a wide range of biological applications. For example, pyrimidine derivatives are useful in DNA repair studies involving cancer and epigenetics.Application In Synthesis of 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The exposure levels and health risk assessment of antibiotics in urine and its association with platelet mitochondrial DNA methylation in adults from Tianjin, China: A preliminary study was written by Zhang, Jing;Liu, Ziquan;Song, Shanjun;Fang, Junkai;Wang, Lei;Zhao, Lei;Li, Chenguang;Li, Weixia;Byun, Hyang-Min;Guo, Liqiong;Li, Penghui. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2022.SDS of cas: 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:

There has been extensive research on antibiotics exposure in adults by biomonitoring, but the biol. mechanisms and potential risks to human health remain limited. In this study, 102 adults aged 26-44 years in Tianjin were studied and 23 common antibiotics in urine were analyzed by Liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). All antibiotics were detected in urine, with an overall detection frequency of 40.4% (the detection frequencies of phenothiazines, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol were 77%, 54%, 24%, 28%, and 49%, resp.). Ofloxacin and enrofloxacin had the highest detection frequencies (85% and 81%), with median concentrations of 0.26 (IQR: 0.05-1.36) and 0.09 (IQR: 0.03-0.14) ng/mL, resp. Based on health risk assessment, the predicted estimated daily exposures (EDEs) ranged from 0 铻爂/kg/day to 13.98 铻爂/kg/day. The hazard quotient (HQ) values of all the antibiotics except ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were bellow one, which are considered safe. For all blood samples, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation levels in the MT-ATP6 (ranging between 3.86% and 34.18%) were slightly higher than MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5 (ranging between 0.57% and 9.32%, 1.08% and 19.62%, resp.). Furthermore, mtDNA methylation from MT-ATP6, MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5 were measured by bisulfite-PCR pyrosequencing. The association (P < 0.05) was found between mtDNA methylation level (MT-ATP8 and MT-ND5) and individual antibiotics including chlorpromazine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfachloropyridazine, chloramphenicol, and thiamphenicol, indicating that persistent exposure to low-dose multiple antibiotics may affect the mtDNA methylation level and in turn pose health risks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3SDS of cas: 1220-83-3).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.SDS of cas: 1220-83-3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Discovery of dual Axl/VEGF-R2 inhibitors as potential anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic drugs for cancer chemotherapy was written by Goff, Dane;Zhang, Jing;Heckrodt, Thilo;Yu, Jiaxin;Ding, Pingyu;Singh, Raj;Holland, Sacha;Li, Weiqun;Irving, Mark. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2017.Reference of 35265-83-9 This article mentions the following:

Axl tyrosine kinase has been shown to be involved in multiple pathways contributing to tumor development, angiogenesis, and metastasis. High Axl expression has been observed in many human tumors where it appears to confer aggressive tumor behavior. Here we present several series of dual Axl-VEGF-R2 kinase inhibitors based on extensive optimization of an acyl diaminotriazole. It was hypothesized that dual inhibition of these two receptor tyrosine kinases may have a synergistic affect in inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. One of these mols., R916562 showed comparable activity to Sunitinib in two mouse tumor xenograft models and a mouse corneal micropocket model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichloro-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (cas: 35265-83-9Reference of 35265-83-9).

2,4-Dichloro-7-methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (cas: 35265-83-9) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the pyrimidine core are of tremendous interest as they constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds exhibiting diverse useful biological activities that hold attractive potential for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in alleviation of a myriad of diseases. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.Reference of 35265-83-9

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Fate of antibiotics in engineered wastewater systems and receiving water environment: A case study on the coast of Hangzhou Bay, China was written by Bao, Yingyu;Li, Feifei;Chen, Lyujun;Mu, Qinglin;Huang, Bei;Wen, Donghui. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.Synthetic Route of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:

The occurrence of man-made antibiotics in natural environment has aroused attentions from both scientists and publics. However, few studies tracked antibiotics from their production site to the end of disposal environment. Taking the coastal region of Hangzhou Bay as the study area, the fate of 77 antibiotics from 6 categories in two-step wastewater treatment plants (WTPs, i.e. pharmaceutical WTP and integrated WTP) was focused; and the antibiotics in both dissolved and adsorbed phases were investigated simultaneously in this study. The ubiquitous occurrence of antibiotics was observed in the two-step WTPs, with antibiotic concentrations following the order of PWTP (LOQ – 1.0 x 105 ng閻犺櫣鏋?1) > IWTPi (for industrial wastewater treatment, LOQ – 3.7 x 103 ng閻犺櫣鏋?1) > IWTPd (for domestic sewage treatment, LOQ – 1.3 x 103 ng閻犺櫣鏋?1). And the types of antibiotics detected in excess sludge and suspended particles were in accordance with those in wastewater. Quinolones were invariably dominant in both dissolved and adsorbed fractions. High removal efficiencies (median values >50.0%) were acquired for the dissolved quinolones (except for DFX), tetracyclines, 閻?lactams, and lincosamides. Anaerobic/anoxic/oxic achieved the highest aqueous removal of antibiotics among the investigated treatment technologies in the three WTPs. PWTP and IWTP removed 9797 and 487 g閻犺櫣妫?1 of antibiotics, resp.; and a final effluent with 126.4 g閻犺櫣妫?1 of antibiotics was discharged into the effluent-receiving area (ERA) of Hangzhou Bay. Source apportionment anal. demonstrated that the effluents of IWTPd and IWTPd contributed resp. 39.3% and 8.9% to the total antibiotics in the ERA. The results illustrate quant. the antibiotic flows from engineered wastewater systems to natural water environment, on the basis of which the improvements of wastewater treatment technologies and discharge management would be put forward. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Synthetic Route of C11H12N4O3S).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Pyrimidine derivatives also play an important role in drug development, either in concert with other compounds or on their own.Synthetic Route of C11H12N4O3S

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Oxalic acid catalysed chromium(VI) oxidation of some 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidines was written by Meenakshisundaram, S. P.;Gopalakrishnan, M.;Nagarajan, S.;Sarathi, N.. And the article was included in Catalysis Communications in 2007.SDS of cas: 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

Some 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidines (APM), synthesized from chalcones and guanidine hydrochloride in presence of alkali by microwave irradiation in solvent-free conditions, were subjected to oxidation with chromium(VI)-oxalic acid complex (Cr(VI)-Oxa) in highly acidic solutions Oxalic acid (Oxa) offers the reaction a more favorable pathway and in the absence of oxalic acid the reaction is sluggish. The depletion of chromium(VI) shows a complicated kinetics involving a fast reaction to about 35% consumption followed by a slow one. Low dielec. constant of the medium facilitates the reaction. The investigations with 2-amino-6-(4-nitrophenyl)- 4-phenylpyrimidine and 2-amino-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidine reveal that, irresp. of the nature of the substituents, the rates are higher than for the parent. APM is catalytically converted to the unusual product 3-hydroxy-1,3-diphenyl-propan-1-one. Consideration of the kinetic behaviors under different exptl. conditions and the product assignment provide valuable mechanistic insight into the system studied. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8SDS of cas: 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The aromatic compound pyrimidine, and its derivatives, are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in nucleic acids, vitamins, amino acids, antibiotics, alkaloids, and a variety of toxins. We all know its importance to life – pyrimidine and purine bases are included in the structure of DNA and RNA.SDS of cas: 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Pyrimidine reactions. XXIV. Dehalogenation of 2-halopyrimidines by hydriodic acid was written by Brown, D. J.;Waring, P.. And the article was included in Australian Journal of Chemistry in 1973.Computed Properties of C16H13N3 This article mentions the following:

2-Halopyrimidines underwent dehalogenation conveniently on treatment with hot HI to give the pyrimidines (I; R1 = H, R = R2 = Me, Ph; R = R2 = H, R1 = Me; R1 = R2 = H, R = Me). Unsubstituted pyrimidine was obtained similarly from its 2-chloro-, 2-bromo, or 2-iodo derivative, the last was made in a pure state for the first time. 4-Chloro-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine underwent hydrolysis in hot HI, and transhalogenation to give its 4-iodo analog at lower temperatures; both 2-chloro-4-methoxypyrimidine and 5-chlorouracil gave uracil with hot HI and 4-chloro-2,6-dimethoxypyrimidine gave 6-iodouracil under similar conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Computed Properties of C16H13N3).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. A Cu-catalyzed and 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of commercially available amidines with saturated ketones enables an efficient and facile synthesis of structurally important pyrimidines via a cascade reaction of oxidative dehydrogenation/annulation/oxidative aromatization.Computed Properties of C16H13N3

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Antibiotics in mariculture organisms of different growth stages: Tissue-specific bioaccumulation and influencing factors was written by Zhang, Xuanrui;Zhang, Jiachao;Han, Qianfan;Wang, Xiaoli;Wang, Shuguang;Yuan, Xianzheng;Zhang, Baiyu;Zhao, Shan. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2021.Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide This article mentions the following:

Maricultured organisms are chronically exposed to water containing antibiotics but the bioaccumulative behavior of antibiotics in exposed organisms at different growth stages has received little attention. Here, we investigated the concentrations and tissue-specific bioaccumulation characteristics of 19 antibiotics during three growth stages (youth stage, growth stage, and adult stage) of various organisms (Scophthalmus maximus, Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus japonicus, and Apostichopus japonicus) cultivated in typical marine aquaculture regions, and explored the factors that could affect the bioaccumulation of antibiotics. Tetracyclines (TCs) and fluoroquinolones (FQs) were the dominant antibiotics in all organisms, and the total concentrations of the target antibiotics in fish (S. maximus) were significantly higher than those in shrimp (P. vannamei and P. japonicus) and sea cucumber (A. japonicus) (p < 0.01). The bioaccumulation capacity of a class of statistically significant antibiotics in most samples was strongest during the youth stage and weakest during the adult stage. The antibiotics exhibited higher bioaccumulation capacity in lipid-rich tissues (fish liver and shrimp head) or respiratory organs (fish gill) than muscle. Our results also reveal significant metabolic transformation of enrofloxacin in fish. Different from previous studies, the logarithm bioaccumulation factor (log BAF) was pos. correlated with log Dlipw in low-biotransformation tissues (fish gill and muscle) rather than lipid-rich tissues (fish liver). Based on the calculated hazard quotients (HQ), doxycycline in fish muscle may pose a distinct risk to human health, which deserves special attention. Overall, these results provide insight into the bioaccumulation patterns of antibiotics during different growth stages and tissues of maricultured organisms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide).

4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine ring system has wide occurrence in nature as substituted and ring fused compounds and derivatives. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Name: 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Synthesis and characterization of new trifluoromethyl substituted 3-ethoxycarbonyl- and 3-pyrimidin-2-yl-(1,2,3)-oxathiazinane-S-oxides was written by Zanatta, Nilo;Borchhardt, Deise M.;Flores, Darlene C.;Coelho, Helena S.;Marchi, Tiago M.;Flores, Alex F. C.;Bonacorso, Helio G.;Martins, Marcos A. P.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2008.Related Products of 40230-24-8 This article mentions the following:

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a new series of 4-substituted 3-ethoxycarbonyl- and 3-(4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2-yl)-6-trifluoromethyl-(1,2,3)oxathiazinane S-oxides by cyclization of 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxybutylcarbamates and 4-(4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)-1,1,1-trifluorobutan-2-ols, resp., with SOCl₂. The anal. of the NMR data allowed us to define important features of the mol. structure. Significant chem. and structural differences were observed between the trifluoromethylated oxathiazinanes obtained in this work from other analogous compounds reported in the literature. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8Related Products of 40230-24-8).

4,6-Diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine (cas: 40230-24-8) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. For example, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin is a pyrimidine derivative. It is found in a number of species including the Japanese puffer fish, the blue-ringed octopus, and the orange-bellied newt. Tetrodotoxin prevents the transmission of nerve signals and can result in paralysis and death.Related Products of 40230-24-8

Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia