Awesome Chemistry Experiments For C32H29F5N3NaO5

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 832720-36-2 is helpful to your research. Category: pyrimidines.

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Bora, Pranjal Kumar, introduce the new discover, Category: pyrimidines.

Distance based amino acids network analysis

A study on different features of genetic codon analysis can provide us important insights on Amino Acids properties and protein evolution. The natural differentiation between the base positions in the codon, the chemical sorts of bases, purine, pyrimidine and their hydrogen bond number have been playing a pivotal role in the genetic code examination. Taking into consideration of these properties in this manuscript we have defined a distance measure among Amino Acids to study the evolutionary aspects of Amino Acids in protein synthesis. Later, we have applied a graph theoretic approach to study Amino Acids networks and analyzed its different centrality measures. We have also explored the correlation coefficient between centralities measure. Further, we have studied the clustering coefficient and degree distribution as different network parameters.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 832720-36-2 is helpful to your research. Category: pyrimidines.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

More research is needed about 832720-36-2

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2. Product Details of 832720-36-2.

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Product Details of 832720-36-2, begins with the direct observation of nature¡ª in this case, of matter.832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Leyva-Acuna, Mario A., introduce the new discover.

Ethyl (S)-2-Benzamido-5-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]pentanoate

Pyrimidines are compounds with a wide range of biological activities, and the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives-useful in chemical and medicinal applications-is important in medicinal chemistry. This work shows the synthesis under microwave irradiation of the novel compound ethyl (S)-2-benzamido-5-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]pentanoate (3) from (S)-N-alpha-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester hydrochloride (1) and acetylacetone (2). Compound 3 was easily purified, obtained in moderate yield (70%), and fully characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, HRMS, and EI-MS.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2. Product Details of 832720-36-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

More research is needed about Elagolix sodium

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 832720-36-2, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Quality Control of Elagolix sodium.

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Quality Control of Elagolix sodium, 832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], in an article , author is Devore, Daniel P., once mentioned of 832720-36-2.

Interrogating the Interplay between Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Building Blocks

Two graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) molecular building blocks designed for halogen bond driven assembly are evaluated through computational quantum chemistry. Unlike those typically reported in the literature, these g-C3N4-based acceptors each offer three unique sites for halogen bond formation, which when introduced to their donor counterparts, lead to 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 donor-acceptor complexes. Although halogen bonding interactions are present in all donor-acceptor complexes considered in the work, intermolecular hydrogen bonding emerges in complexes in which an iodine-based donor is directly involved. The halogen bond complexes identified herein feature linear halogen bonds and supportive intermolecular hydrogen bonds that lead to nearly additive electronic binding energies of up to -9.7 (dimers), -18.6 (trimers), and -26.5 kcal mol 71 (tetramers). Select vibrational stretching frequencies (vC-x and v(C C)), and the perturbative shifts they incur upon halogen bond formation, are interrogated and compared to those observed in pyridine- and pyrimidine-based halogen-bonded complexes reported in the literature.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 832720-36-2, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Quality Control of Elagolix sodium.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Now Is The Time For You To Know The Truth About C32H29F5N3NaO5

Electric Literature of 832720-36-2, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2.

Electric Literature of 832720-36-2, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Bhat, Ajmal R., introduce new discover of the category.

Synthesis, biological activity and POM/DFT/docking analyses of annulated pyrano [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives: Identification of antibacterial and antitumor pharmacophore sites

New annulated pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized with hydroxyl, methoxy, bromine, nitrile and nitro substituents on its skeleton. The correlated electronic effect of substituents on the magnitude of antibacterial activity was noted. The electron donating substituents (namely; 4-OH, 4-OCH3, 4-Br) and electron withdrawing substituents (4-NO2) on phenyl ring in the pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton exerted different influence on its antimicrobial activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aureus, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus cereus. All the pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines were characterized by spectroscopic analyses. Antibacterial screening revealed that the presence of heteroaryl, cyano and amino groups on pyrano [2,3-cl]pyrimidine skeleton increases its penetrating power on the bacterial cell wall so that the product becomes more biologically active. So the the nature of electron withdrawing or electro-donnor Impact of substituents should be taken in consideration in drug design. Hydrolysis of -CRN to amide restored vital Intramolecular interaction like ortho-nitrophenyl and -ONO delta-center dot center dot center dot-NH delta+/amide link, offering a crucial template for antibacterial -NH, HO-pharmacophore sites, which ultimately elevated innate antimicrobial profiles. POM combinatorial analysis of tangible electronic contributions due to armed annulated pyrano [2,3-d]pyrimidines concluded their broad antimicrobial activity and viable/prominent drug score index through perspective parameters particularly: inter atomic distance/linkers, steric, electronic, polar parameters, and with a different polarising effect of electron donating/withdrawing environments of substituents. Furthermore, an anti-Kinase pharmacophore site (-O=CNH-C=O) was evaluated in continuation of the POM investigations. All synthesized products verified fewer side effects than standard streptomycin, but facile implication in selective cancer media (viz. breast or leucemia still needs to be screened).

Electric Literature of 832720-36-2, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

A new application about 832720-36-2

Application of 832720-36-2, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2.

Application of 832720-36-2, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Robinson, William J., introduce new discover of the category.

The discovery of novel antitrypanosomal 4-phenyl-6-(pyridin-3-yl) pyrimidines

Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense which seriously affects human health in Africa. Current therapies present limitations in their application, parasite resistance, or require further clinical investigation for wider use. Our work herein describes the design and syntheses of novel anti-trypanosomal 4-phenyl-6-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidines, with compound 13, the 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-(pyridine-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine demonstrating an IC50 value of 0.38 mu M and a promising off-target ADME-Tox profile in vitro. In silico molecular target investigations showed rhodesain to be a putative candidate, supported by STD and WaterLOGSY NMR experiments, however, in vitro evaluation of compound 13 against rhodesain exhibited low experimental inhibition. Therefore, our reported library of drug-like pyrimidines present promising scaffolds for further antikinetoplastid drug development for both phenotypic and target-based drug discovery. Crown Copyright (c) 2020 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Application of 832720-36-2, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Extended knowledge of Elagolix sodium

Synthetic Route of 832720-36-2, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2.

Synthetic Route of 832720-36-2, Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. 832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Reheim, Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud Abdel, introduce new discover of the category.

Microwave assisted the short time clean synthesis of 1,3-diketones as building blocks in heterocyclic synthesis: a facile synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new dihydropyridine, 4H-pyrane, dihydropyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazole derivatives

The compounds bearing naphthalene moiety can be used as medical preparations because of their wide spectrum of biological activity and low toxicity. In this study, a new series of azoles or azines were synthesized from the reaction of the key intermediate 1-(1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione 3 with a variety of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents under a variety of mild conditions. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by various spectroscopic methods such as (IR, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, mass spectra and elemental analyses). The prepared compounds were screened in vitro for their anti-microbial activity against some species of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa). Anti-fungal activities of the compounds were tested against yeast and mycelial fungi,Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. The antimicrobial activity of this series was showed either weak or moderate activities.

Synthetic Route of 832720-36-2, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

New learning discoveries about 832720-36-2

Related Products of 832720-36-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 832720-36-2 is helpful to your research.

Related Products of 832720-36-2, Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. 832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Zhu, Xialin, introduce new discover of the category.

SP6616 as a Kv2.1 inhibitor efficiently ameliorates peripheral neuropathy in diabetic mice

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes severely afflicting the patients, while there is yet no effective medication against this disease. As Kv2.1 channel functions potently in regulating neurological disorders, the present work was to investigate the regulation of Kv2.1 channel against DPN-like pathology of DPN model mice by using selective Kv2.1 inhibitor SP6616 (ethyl 5-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate) as a probe. Methods: STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice with DPN (STZ mice) were defined at 12 weeks of age (4 weeks after STZ injection) through behavioral tests, and db/db (BKS Cg-m(+/+)Lepr(db)/J) type 2 diabetic mice with DPN (db/db mice) were at 18 weeks of age. SP6616 was administered daily via intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks. The mechanisms underlying the amelioration of SP6616 on DPN-like pathology were investigated by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry technical approaches against diabetic mice, and verified against the STZ mice with Kv2.1 knockdown in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissue by injection of adeno associated virus AAV9-Kv2.1-RNAi. Amelioration of SP6616 on the pathological behaviors of diabetic mice was assessed against tactile allodynia, thermal sensitivity and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). Findings: SP6616 treatment effectively ameliorated the threshold of mechanical stimuli, thermal sensitivity and MNCV of diabetic mice. Mechanism research results indicated that SP6616 suppressed Kv2.1 expression, increased the number of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs), improved peripheral nerve structure and vascular function in DRG tissue. In addition, SP6616 improved mitochondrial dysfunction through Kv2.1/CaMK kappa B/AMPK/PGC-1 alpha pathway, repressed inflammatory response by inhibiting Kv2.1/NF-kappa B signaling and alleviated apoptosis of DRG neuron through Kv2.1-mediated regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and Caspase-3 in diabetic mice. Interpretation: Our work has highly supported the beneficial of Kv2.1 inhibition in ameliorating DPN-like pathology and highlighted the potential of SP6616 in the treatment of DPN. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Related Products of 832720-36-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 832720-36-2 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Simple exploration of Elagolix sodium

Application of 832720-36-2, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2.

Application of 832720-36-2, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Tan, Yao, introduce new discover of the category.

Multiomics Integrative Analysis for Discovering the Potential Mechanism of Dioscin against Hyperuricemia Mice

S Hyperuricemia is a well-known key risk factor for gout and can cause a variety of metabolic diseases. Several studies have shown that dioscin could improve metabolic symptoms and reduce the uric acid level in blood. However, there is no comprehensive metabolomic study on the anti-hyperuricemia effects of dioscin. A total of 29 adult male Kunming mice were divided into three groups: Normal (blank), PO (potassium oxonate-administrated, 200 mg/kg/day), and Dioscin (potassium oxonate + dioscin, potassium oxonate 200 mg/kg/day, dioscin 50 mg/kg/day). All mice were treated for 42 days via oral gavage. This paper implemented an untargeted metabolomics study based on H-1 NMR and LC-MS to discover the comprehensive mechanism of dioscin. Furthermore, a targeted lipidomics was fulfilled to further analyze the lipid metabolism disorder. Finally, the metabolic pathway mediated by dioscin was verified at the gene level by means of transcriptomics. The results show 53 different metabolites were closely related to the improvement of dioscin in PO-induced hyperuricemia, and 19 of them were lipids. These metabolites are mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. According to the transcriptomics study, the levels of 89 genes were significantly changed in the PO group compared to the normal control. Among them, six gene levels were restored by the treatment of dioscin. The six changed genes (tx1b, Tsku, Tmem163, Psmc3ip, Tcap, Tbx15) are mainly involved in the cell cycle and energy metabolism. These metabolites and genes might provide useful information for further study of the therapeutic mechanism of dioscin.

Application of 832720-36-2, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 832720-36-2.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

Interesting scientific research on C32H29F5N3NaO5

Synthetic Route of 832720-36-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 832720-36-2 is helpful to your research.

Synthetic Route of 832720-36-2, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a article, author is Sharma, Ajay, introduce new discover of the category.

Pyrolysis of timber in a semi-batch reactor: Maximization of bio-oil using central composite design

The present study deals with the pyrolysis of Dalbergia sissoo wood (DSW), as well as the determination of operating parameters that resulted in a maximum yield of bio-oil. The bio-oil was produced in a semi-batch reactor using nitrogen as an inert carrier gas. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on three-factors-three-levels central composite design scheme was used to obtain the optimum operating conditions. Effects of three independent process parameters, particle size (0.2-0.6 mm), reaction temperature (700-900 K), and nitrogen gas flow rate (60-160 ml/min) were assessed. A quadratic model relating to bio-oil yield as a function of independent process parameters with their interactions was developed. The obtained regression coefficients (R-2 = .9947 and adj. R-2 = .9867) during the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated an excellent fitting of the quadratic model with the experimental data. Optimum conditions thus obtained were: particle size 0.6 mm, reaction temperature 833 K, and volumetric flow of nitrogen 125 ml/min which offered maximum bio-oil yield as 49.17 mass%. The physicochemical properties of bio-oil such as kinematic viscosity, density, pH value, flash point, and heating value, were determined using standard test procedures. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic, H-1-Nuclear magnetic response (H-1-NMR) spectrometry, and gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) techniques were used to identify the compounds present in DSW bio-oil. The chromatographic analysis confirmed the presence of some high value-added compounds such as pyrimidine, cyclobutanol, allantoic acid, and hydroxyurea.

Synthetic Route of 832720-36-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 832720-36-2 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia

The important role of Elagolix sodium

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 832720-36-2 is helpful to your research. COA of Formula: C32H29F5N3NaO5.

Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 832720-36-2, Name is Elagolix sodium, SMILES is O=C([O-])CCCN[C@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)CN(C(N(CC2=C(C(F)(F)F)C=CC=C2F)C(C)=C3C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4F)=O)C3=O.[Na+], belongs to pyrimidines compound. In a document, author is Giacomoni, Paolo U., introduce the new discover, COA of Formula: C32H29F5N3NaO5.

Appropriate Technologies to Accompany Sunscreens in the Battle Against Ultraviolet, Superoxide, and Singlet Oxygen

The interaction of ultraviolet radiation with biological matter results in direct damage such as pyrimidine dimers in DNA. It also results in indirect damage provoked by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) catalyzed by photosensitizers. Photosensitizers can be endogenous (e.g., tryptophan) or exogenous (e.g., TiO2 and other photostable UVA sunscreens). Direct damage triggers an inflammatory response and the oxidative and proteolytic bursts that characterize its onset. The inflammatory reaction multiplies the effects of one single photon. Indirect damage, such as the peroxidative cascade in membrane lipids, can extend to thousands of molecular modifications per absorbed photon. Sunscreens should therefore be formulated in the presence of appropriate antioxidants. Superoxide and singlet oxygen are the main ROS that need to be tackled: this review describes some of the molecular, biochemical, cellular, and clinical consequences of exposure to UV radiation as well as some results associated with scavengers and quenchers of superoxide and singlet oxygen, as well as with inhibitors of singlet oxygen production.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 832720-36-2 is helpful to your research. COA of Formula: C32H29F5N3NaO5.

Reference:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
,Pyrimidine – Wikipedia