Seasonal occurrence of multiple classes of antibiotics in East China rivers and their association with suspended particulate matter was written by Wang, Kun;Su, Zhaoxin;Reguyal, Febelyn;Bian, Rongxing;Li, Weihua;Yu, Haofeng;Sun, Yingjie;Zhuang, Ying;Shang, Wan. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Synthetic Route of C11H12N4O3S This article mentions the following:
Understanding the occurrence and fate of antibiotics from different categories is vital to predict their environmental exposure and risks. This study presents the spatiotemporal occurrence of 45 multi-class antibiotics and their associations with suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Xiaoqing River (XRB) and Yellow River (YRB) via 10-mo monitoring in East China. Thirty-five and 31 antibiotics were detected in XRB and YRB, resp. Among them, fluoroquinolones (FQs) had the highest total mean concentration (up to 24.8娓璯/L in XRB and 15.4娓璯/L in YRB), followed by sulfonamides (SAs) (14.0娓璯/L and 15.4娓璯/L) and macrolides (MLs) (1.1娓璯/L and 1.6娓璯/L). Significant spatial-temporal variations were found in both rivers where higher concentrations of antibiotics were observed in urban and densely populated areas during winter and spring. Hydrol. factors such as river flow and water volume, instream attenuation and antibiotic usage may cause the observed variabilities in the seasonal patterns of antibiotic pollution. Using linear regression anal., for the first time, this study confirmed that the total concentrations of MLs (p < 0.05), FQs (p < 0.001) and SAs (p < 0.001) were strongly correlated with the turbidity/total suspended solids in the studied rivers (except MLs in YRB). It is thus suggested that partitioning processes onto SPM might affect the distribution of detected antibiotics in rivers, which are largely dependent on SPM composition and characteristics. The risk quotient (RQ) determined for up to 87% of individual compound was below 0.1 in both rivers; however, the high joint toxicity reflected by the mixed RQs of detected antibiotics may rise risk alarm for aquatic species. Further aspects regarding active mechanisms of SPM-antibiotic interactions and ecol. risks of coexistence of multiple antibiotics need to be investigated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Synthetic Route of C11H12N4O3S).
4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases are derived from the organic compound pyrimidine through the addition of various functional groups. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.Synthetic Route of C11H12N4O3S
Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia