Antibiotics in urine from general adults in Shenzhen, China: Demographic-related difference in exposure levels was written by Zhong, Shihua;Wu, Xiaoling;Zhang, Duo;Du, Sijin;Shen, Junchun;Xiao, Lehan;Zhu, Ying;Xu, Yuanyuan;Lin, Yuli;Yin, Liuyi;Rao, Manting;Lu, Shaoyou. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Product Details of 1220-83-3 This article mentions the following:
Misuse or overuse of antibiotics can have a variety of detrimental microbial effects. However, the body burden of antibiotics in the general population is currently unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we determined four classes of widely-applied antibiotics (3 imidazoles, 2 sulfonamides, 5 quinolones, and 2 chloramphenicols) in urine samples from 1170 adult residents in Shenzhen, China. Antibiotics were detected in 30.8% of all urine samples with concentrations ranging from <LOD to 3517娓璯/mL, among which metronidazole, ofloxacin and florfenicol were predominant. Notably, antibiotics prohibited for human or veterinary use were detected in 21.0% of samples, indicating that these antibiotics may still be overused in daily life. We found that the presence of antibiotics in urine is associated with being overweight (OR: 1.386, 95% CI: 1.056-1.819, p = 0.019) and obesity (OR: 1.862, 95% CI: 1.103-3.146, p = 0.020) in the adult population. Multilinear regression anal. showed that a percent increase of hydroxy metronidazole was related to 9.86% pos. change of body mass index (p = 0.029). Interestingly, we also found total antibiotic concentration higher in the unmarried group (p = 0.006). Besides, consumption of smoked foods was correlated with urinary antibiotic levels (p = 0.001), indicating smoked meat may be a potential exposure source of veterinary antibiotics. These results highlight the need to reduce human exposure to banned antibiotics. Future research could focus on assessing the health risk and other outcomes of antibiotic overuse. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3Product Details of 1220-83-3).
4-Amino-N-(6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide (cas: 1220-83-3) belongs to pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines are isomeric with two other forms of diazines: pyridazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 2 positions; and pyrazine, with the nitrogen atoms in the 1 and 4 positions. Pyrimidine derivatives have been used in a wide variety of pharmaceuticals including general anesthetics, anti-epilepsy medication, anti-malaria medication, drugs for treating high blood pressure, and HIV medication.Product Details of 1220-83-3
Referemce:
Pyrimidine | C4H4N2 – PubChem,
Pyrimidine – Wikipedia